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<p>Light–matter interaction between molecular vibrational modes and electromagnetic modes of Fabry–Perot cavity leads to the formation of vibrational strong coupling states showing the hybridization of molecules via vacuum fluctuations characterized as polaritons. However, how thermal modulation on the cavity properties influences polariton behavior remains unclear. We developed a temperature-tunable and optically stable Fabry–Perot cavity that enables reproducible observation of temperature-dependent light–matter interaction. We conducted in situ infrared spectroscopy of water over a temperature range of 10–40&#xa0;°C. The characteristics of the cavity mode, such as resonance wavenumber, transmittance and finesse, were quantitatively tracked as functions of temperature to identify the deviation from an ideal cavity mode. The optical properties of polaritons were also characterized to find the correlations with the cavity mode. We found that the intensity of the upper polariton correlated moderately with finesse of the cavity defined as symmetry factor, whereas that of the lower polariton showed minimal dependence. This behavior can be explained by the positive detuning of the coupled cavity mode, where the upper polariton acquires more photonic character, and the lower polariton becomes more matter-like. These results demonstrate that the designed FP cavity enables accurate probing of polariton-cavity mode correlations under thermally modulated conditions.</p> Graphical Abstract <p>We present a Fabry–Perot cavity platform that allows controlled investigation of the temperature dependence of vibrational strong coupling. This spacer-free design provides continuous, stable IR measurements exceeding one hour, offering a robust tool to study polaritonic states under thermal modulation.</p> <p></p>

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Temperature-tunable Fabry–Perot cavity for aqueous systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月16日

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  • Masaki Itatani,
  • Nobuki Iwasa,
  • Naotoshi Miyasaka,
  • Lauren Takahashi,
  • Keisuke Takahashi,
  • Tomohiro Fukushima,
  • Kei Murakoshi

摘要

Light–matter interaction between molecular vibrational modes and electromagnetic modes of Fabry–Perot cavity leads to the formation of vibrational strong coupling states showing the hybridization of molecules via vacuum fluctuations characterized as polaritons. However, how thermal modulation on the cavity properties influences polariton behavior remains unclear. We developed a temperature-tunable and optically stable Fabry–Perot cavity that enables reproducible observation of temperature-dependent light–matter interaction. We conducted in situ infrared spectroscopy of water over a temperature range of 10–40 °C. The characteristics of the cavity mode, such as resonance wavenumber, transmittance and finesse, were quantitatively tracked as functions of temperature to identify the deviation from an ideal cavity mode. The optical properties of polaritons were also characterized to find the correlations with the cavity mode. We found that the intensity of the upper polariton correlated moderately with finesse of the cavity defined as symmetry factor, whereas that of the lower polariton showed minimal dependence. This behavior can be explained by the positive detuning of the coupled cavity mode, where the upper polariton acquires more photonic character, and the lower polariton becomes more matter-like. These results demonstrate that the designed FP cavity enables accurate probing of polariton-cavity mode correlations under thermally modulated conditions.

Graphical Abstract

We present a Fabry–Perot cavity platform that allows controlled investigation of the temperature dependence of vibrational strong coupling. This spacer-free design provides continuous, stable IR measurements exceeding one hour, offering a robust tool to study polaritonic states under thermal modulation.