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<p>In this work, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@COF-LZU1 magnetic nanoparticles coated with core–shell-structured covalent organic frameworks were designed and fabricated as magnetic adsorbent for detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by magnetic solid-phase extraction. The morphology, particle size, surface groups and structure of as-prepared Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@COF-LZU1 were characterized by vibrating sample magnetometer, transmission electron microscope, field emission scanning electron microscope, X-ray powder diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller&#xa0;specific surface area analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The prepared magnetic mesoporous materials were utilized as adsorbents for the adsorption and enrichment of five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples. Extraction conditions influencing the efficiency of the target analytes were systematically investigated, including the dosage of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@COF-LZU1, adsorption time, ionic strength, sample pH, extraction time, type of eluent, and elution duration. The quantitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was performed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry under optimal conditions. The developed method had exhibited a strong linear correlation between their concentrations and peak areas within the range of 25–500&#xa0;μg&#xa0;L⁻<sup>1</sup> (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.9990), with detection limits ranging from 0.21 to 0.36&#xa0;μg&#xa0;L⁻<sup>1</sup> for five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The method was further applied to real water samples, yielding spiked recovery rates between 73.2% and 113.5%.</p> Graphical abstract <p>In this work, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@COF-LZU1 magnetic nanoparticles coated with core–shell-structured covalent organic frameworks (COF-LZU1) were designed and fabricated as magnetic adsorbent for detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by magnetic solid-phase extraction. The developed method had exhibited a strong linear correlation between their concentrations and peak areas within the range of 0.25–500&#xa0;μg&#xa0;L⁻<sup>1</sup> (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> &gt; 0.995), with detection limits ranging from 0.21 to 0.36&#xa0;μg&#xa0;L⁻<sup>1</sup> for five PAHs. The method was further applied to real water samples, yielding spiked recovery rates between 73.2% and 113.5%.</p>

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Magnetic solid-phase extraction based on core–shell-structured covalent organic frameworks for analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月4日

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  • Ying Wu,
  • Qunhua Li,
  • Zhenglong Wang,
  • Lingyi Zhang,
  • Lei Zhang,
  • Weibing Zhang

摘要

In this work, Fe3O4@SiO2@COF-LZU1 magnetic nanoparticles coated with core–shell-structured covalent organic frameworks were designed and fabricated as magnetic adsorbent for detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by magnetic solid-phase extraction. The morphology, particle size, surface groups and structure of as-prepared Fe3O4@SiO2@COF-LZU1 were characterized by vibrating sample magnetometer, transmission electron microscope, field emission scanning electron microscope, X-ray powder diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The prepared magnetic mesoporous materials were utilized as adsorbents for the adsorption and enrichment of five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples. Extraction conditions influencing the efficiency of the target analytes were systematically investigated, including the dosage of Fe3O4@SiO2@COF-LZU1, adsorption time, ionic strength, sample pH, extraction time, type of eluent, and elution duration. The quantitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was performed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry under optimal conditions. The developed method had exhibited a strong linear correlation between their concentrations and peak areas within the range of 25–500 μg L⁻1 (R2 ≥ 0.9990), with detection limits ranging from 0.21 to 0.36 μg L⁻1 for five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The method was further applied to real water samples, yielding spiked recovery rates between 73.2% and 113.5%.

Graphical abstract

In this work, Fe3O4@SiO2@COF-LZU1 magnetic nanoparticles coated with core–shell-structured covalent organic frameworks (COF-LZU1) were designed and fabricated as magnetic adsorbent for detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by magnetic solid-phase extraction. The developed method had exhibited a strong linear correlation between their concentrations and peak areas within the range of 0.25–500 μg L⁻1 (R2 > 0.995), with detection limits ranging from 0.21 to 0.36 μg L⁻1 for five PAHs. The method was further applied to real water samples, yielding spiked recovery rates between 73.2% and 113.5%.