Fulvic acid: a biodegradable and reproducible catalyst for the facile synthesis of tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxamide and benzo-chromeno-pyrimidin-amine derivatives in aqueous medium
摘要
This study depicts the application of fulvic acid (FA) as a biodegradable, reproducible, and efficient catalyst for the synthesis of tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxamides (4a–4j) via a one-pot three-component reaction of urea, aldehydes, and 3-oxo-N-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)butanamide, as well as the synthesis of benzo-chromeno-pyrimidin-amines (8a–8l) using a one-pot pseudo-five-component reaction of 1-naphthol, aldehydes, malononitrile and ammonium acetate at mild temperatures in aqueous medium. Green reaction environment, operational simplicity, low catalyst usage (0.02–0.04 g), superb yields (90–98%), short reaction times (15–33 min), presentation of novel derivatives to the literature, and the possibility of easy recovery of the catalyst from the reaction mixture for up to six runs without significant loss in catalytic activity are the salient aspects of the above synthetic routes.
Graphical abstract