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<p>A metal-free P-(g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/NCDs) photocatalytic composite was synthesized by modifying graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) through a dual strategy of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (NCDs) incorporation and protonation. Under light irradiation, the optimized catalyst achieved 99% degradation of methyl orange within 120&#xa0;min, exhibiting a reaction rate 50 times higher than that of unmodified g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. Furthermore, the composite demonstrated excellent stability, maintaining high catalytic performance over five consecutive cycles. Characterization results revealed that the dual modification induced a stripping effect on the g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> material. This process optimized the electronic structure of the composite, effectively suppressing the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Additionally, adjustment of the band gap structure enhanced the oxidizing capacity of the valence band, thereby improving the overall photocatalytic activity. The synergistic effect of superoxide (•O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>) and hydroxyl (•OH) radicals in substantially boosting the oxidative capacity of P-(g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/NCDs) was unambiguously verified by radical trapping experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. This synergy facilitates the mineralization of organic dye molecules into small inorganic molecules (e.g., CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O). This metal-free photocatalyst design strategy, focused on material structure optimization, circumvents secondary water pollution from metal leaching, suggesting promising potential for applications in green catalysis and related fields.</p>

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Boosting photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 via dual modification: protonation-induced exfoliation and NCDs-mediated charge separation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月5日

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  • Gang Wang,
  • Lan Yang,
  • Yanning Yang,
  • Zhiqiang Wu,
  • Jing Wang,
  • Yongyan Ye

摘要

A metal-free P-(g-C3N4/NCDs) photocatalytic composite was synthesized by modifying graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) through a dual strategy of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (NCDs) incorporation and protonation. Under light irradiation, the optimized catalyst achieved 99% degradation of methyl orange within 120 min, exhibiting a reaction rate 50 times higher than that of unmodified g-C3N4. Furthermore, the composite demonstrated excellent stability, maintaining high catalytic performance over five consecutive cycles. Characterization results revealed that the dual modification induced a stripping effect on the g-C3N4 material. This process optimized the electronic structure of the composite, effectively suppressing the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Additionally, adjustment of the band gap structure enhanced the oxidizing capacity of the valence band, thereby improving the overall photocatalytic activity. The synergistic effect of superoxide (•O2−) and hydroxyl (•OH) radicals in substantially boosting the oxidative capacity of P-(g-C3N4/NCDs) was unambiguously verified by radical trapping experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. This synergy facilitates the mineralization of organic dye molecules into small inorganic molecules (e.g., CO2 and H2O). This metal-free photocatalyst design strategy, focused on material structure optimization, circumvents secondary water pollution from metal leaching, suggesting promising potential for applications in green catalysis and related fields.