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<p>A magnetic nanocatalyst, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@GLYMO@Melamine nanoparticles immobilized with zinc, was synthesized (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@GLYMO@Mel-Zn<sup>II</sup>). The structure of the catalyst was characterized and confirmed using various analytical techniques, including FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX, and VSM. The catalytic efficiency of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO₂@GLYMO@Mel-Zn<sup>II</sup> was demonstrated in the one-pot, three-component synthesis of a range of hexahydro-1<i>H</i>-xanthene-1,8(2<i>H</i>)-dione and 12-aryl/heteroaryl-8,9,10,12-tetrahydrobenzo[<i>a</i>]xanthen-11-one derivatives under solvent-free conditions at 100&#xa0;°C. This method offers several key advantages, such as high product yields, short reaction times, simple work-up, catalyst reusability, environmentally benign conditions, the elimination of solvents, and the non-toxic nature of zinc as a metal center. Remarkably, the catalyst retained its activity over five consecutive cycles.</p>

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Green synthesis of xanthenes using a GLYMO/melamine-functionalized Fe3O4-based zinc nanocatalyst

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月4日

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  • Azam Karimian,
  • Maysa Jelli Gargari

摘要

A magnetic nanocatalyst, Fe3O4@SiO2@GLYMO@Melamine nanoparticles immobilized with zinc, was synthesized (Fe3O4@SiO2@GLYMO@Mel-ZnII). The structure of the catalyst was characterized and confirmed using various analytical techniques, including FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX, and VSM. The catalytic efficiency of Fe3O4@SiO₂@GLYMO@Mel-ZnII was demonstrated in the one-pot, three-component synthesis of a range of hexahydro-1H-xanthene-1,8(2H)-dione and 12-aryl/heteroaryl-8,9,10,12-tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthen-11-one derivatives under solvent-free conditions at 100 °C. This method offers several key advantages, such as high product yields, short reaction times, simple work-up, catalyst reusability, environmentally benign conditions, the elimination of solvents, and the non-toxic nature of zinc as a metal center. Remarkably, the catalyst retained its activity over five consecutive cycles.