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<p>This study explores the novel synthesis of triazoles utilizing a Co₃O₄/g-C₃N₄/Si catalytic system under microwave irradiation. The unique properties of cobalt oxide, graphitic carbon nitride, and silicon provide a synergistic effect that significantly enhances reaction efficiency. Microwave irradiation allows for rapid and uniform heating, activating reactants and facilitating the formation of reactive intermediates. This study investigates the preparation and catalytic efficacy of nano Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> doped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> mixed with <i>tert</i>-butyldimethylsilyl chloride catalysts in the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction for the formation of 1,2,3-1H-triazole derivatives. Utilizing ethanol/water mixture as a solvent not only facilitates faster reaction rates but also provides an environmentally friendly, non-toxic, and cost-effective medium. Under all studied conditions, the Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Si NCs exhibited better catalytic performance than Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs, allowing the sole production of the desired 1,4-isomer. Interestingly, the Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Si NCs produced noticeably greater yields (91–97%) for a variety of triazole compounds under microwave irradiation than did the Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs (49–75%). The purity of the triazole compounds and the effective synthesis of the NCs were validated by characterization procedures. The high efficiency and heterogeneity of the Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Si nanocatalyst allowed for simple isolation and repurposing. The results demonstrate that this method not only increases yield and reaction rates but also offers milder conditions compared to conventional synthesis techniques, presenting a promising approach for the efficient production of triazole compounds in organic synthesis.</p>

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One-pot synthesis of some triazoles derivatives using nano Co3O4/g-C3N4/Si under microwave irradiation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月14日

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  • Salhah D. Al-Qahtani,
  • Ghadah M. Al-Senani,
  • Yasser A. Attia

摘要

This study explores the novel synthesis of triazoles utilizing a Co₃O₄/g-C₃N₄/Si catalytic system under microwave irradiation. The unique properties of cobalt oxide, graphitic carbon nitride, and silicon provide a synergistic effect that significantly enhances reaction efficiency. Microwave irradiation allows for rapid and uniform heating, activating reactants and facilitating the formation of reactive intermediates. This study investigates the preparation and catalytic efficacy of nano Co3O4 doped g-C3N4 mixed with tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride catalysts in the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction for the formation of 1,2,3-1H-triazole derivatives. Utilizing ethanol/water mixture as a solvent not only facilitates faster reaction rates but also provides an environmentally friendly, non-toxic, and cost-effective medium. Under all studied conditions, the Co3O4/g-C3N4/Si NCs exhibited better catalytic performance than Co3O4 NPs, allowing the sole production of the desired 1,4-isomer. Interestingly, the Co3O4/g-C3N4/Si NCs produced noticeably greater yields (91–97%) for a variety of triazole compounds under microwave irradiation than did the Co3O4 NPs (49–75%). The purity of the triazole compounds and the effective synthesis of the NCs were validated by characterization procedures. The high efficiency and heterogeneity of the Co3O4/g-C3N4/Si nanocatalyst allowed for simple isolation and repurposing. The results demonstrate that this method not only increases yield and reaction rates but also offers milder conditions compared to conventional synthesis techniques, presenting a promising approach for the efficient production of triazole compounds in organic synthesis.