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<p>The photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) via a low-cost g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> photocatalyst is an effective strategy. Nonetheless, the inadequate charge carrier separation and low crystallinity associated with g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> demand catalyst modification. Such modification is accomplished through alkali metal ion doping, i.e., by synthesizing potassium&#xa0;doped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (K-g-CN) and enhancing crystallinity i.e., by synthesizing crystalline carbon nitride. The produced catalysts are characterized and assessed for CIP degradation under direct sunlight. While photoluminescence indicates that both catalysts effectively increase charge carrier separation, the superior visible light absorption and high surface area of K-g-CN render it a more suitable choice for achieving over 85% CIP degradation in just 30&#xa0;min and nearly 99% in 3&#xa0;h. In&#xa0;the degradation of CIP, K-g-CN demonstrates a 97% efficacy even with normal tap water, suggests its potential for application in real-time wastewater treatment.</p>

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Doping versus crystallinity: improving the photocatalytic properties of g-C3N4 toward the degradation of ciprofloxacin under direct sunlight

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月29日

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  • D. Gayathri,
  • P. Haripriya,
  • Shancy Pazhedath,
  • N. Pandurangan,
  • B. Narasimha Reddy,
  • Darbha V. Ravi Kumar

摘要

The photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) via a low-cost g-C3N4 photocatalyst is an effective strategy. Nonetheless, the inadequate charge carrier separation and low crystallinity associated with g-C3N4 demand catalyst modification. Such modification is accomplished through alkali metal ion doping, i.e., by synthesizing potassium doped g-C3N4 (K-g-CN) and enhancing crystallinity i.e., by synthesizing crystalline carbon nitride. The produced catalysts are characterized and assessed for CIP degradation under direct sunlight. While photoluminescence indicates that both catalysts effectively increase charge carrier separation, the superior visible light absorption and high surface area of K-g-CN render it a more suitable choice for achieving over 85% CIP degradation in just 30 min and nearly 99% in 3 h. In the degradation of CIP, K-g-CN demonstrates a 97% efficacy even with normal tap water, suggests its potential for application in real-time wastewater treatment.