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<p>Small-scale fisheries (SSFs), despite their significant contributions to global catches and coastal economies, remain underrepresented in policy frameworks, particularly due to data limitations that hinder effective management. This study presents the first formal assessment of twelve demersal fish stocks—two elasmobranchs and ten teleosts—targeted by the small-scale,&#xa0;multi-gear&#xa0;fishing fleet of Galicia (NW Spain), a key European SSF hotspot. We analysed length-frequency data from a two-decade fishery-dependent observer programme (2001–2022) to estimate spawning potential ratios (SPR) using length-based spawning potential ratio (LB-SPR) and length-based integrated mixed effects (LIME) models. We prioritised trammel-net samples for their broad spatiotemporal coverage and the widest, adult-inclusive length distributions, which better match asymptotic selectivity and reduce bias. Results showed that half of the assessed stocks fell below precautionary SPR thresholds (0.3 for teleosts; 0.5 for elasmobranchs). Methodological insights emerged: LB-SPR was more suitable for elasmobranchs due to its accommodation of the no size-fecundity assumption, whereas a data-limited context proved unsuitable for protogynous <i>Labrus bergylta</i>, which requires accounting for sex ratios and poses challenges to both models given its low M/k (natural mortality over von Bertalanffy growth coefficient) and long lifespan. Likewise, gear selectivity interacted with life history, with dome-shaped selectivity in <i>Pollachius pollachius</i> complicating SPR interpretation, late maturity in <i>Raja undulata</i> and <i>Scyliorhinus canicula</i> supporting more conservative reference points, and current selectivity in <i>Solea senegalensis</i> heightening vulnerability. Future assessments should incorporate broader gear contexts, as gillnets dominate catches of <i>S. canicula</i>, <i>Trisopterus luscus</i>, and <i>P. pollachius</i>. Together, these results establish a regional baseline for demersal stock status in one of Europe’s key SSF regions, against which management actions and future trends can be evaluated.</p>

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Length-based stock assessment in small-scale multi-gear fisheries: insights from a European hotspot (NW Spain)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月27日

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  • Daniel García-García,
  • Marta Cousido-Rocha,
  • Rafael Bañón,
  • José Manuel Campelos,
  • Fernando Quintero,
  • Asunción Gancedo,
  • Fabio Lamas,
  • Alberto Otero,
  • Angel Rodríguez,
  • Alexandre Alonso-Fernández

摘要

Small-scale fisheries (SSFs), despite their significant contributions to global catches and coastal economies, remain underrepresented in policy frameworks, particularly due to data limitations that hinder effective management. This study presents the first formal assessment of twelve demersal fish stocks—two elasmobranchs and ten teleosts—targeted by the small-scale, multi-gear fishing fleet of Galicia (NW Spain), a key European SSF hotspot. We analysed length-frequency data from a two-decade fishery-dependent observer programme (2001–2022) to estimate spawning potential ratios (SPR) using length-based spawning potential ratio (LB-SPR) and length-based integrated mixed effects (LIME) models. We prioritised trammel-net samples for their broad spatiotemporal coverage and the widest, adult-inclusive length distributions, which better match asymptotic selectivity and reduce bias. Results showed that half of the assessed stocks fell below precautionary SPR thresholds (0.3 for teleosts; 0.5 for elasmobranchs). Methodological insights emerged: LB-SPR was more suitable for elasmobranchs due to its accommodation of the no size-fecundity assumption, whereas a data-limited context proved unsuitable for protogynous Labrus bergylta, which requires accounting for sex ratios and poses challenges to both models given its low M/k (natural mortality over von Bertalanffy growth coefficient) and long lifespan. Likewise, gear selectivity interacted with life history, with dome-shaped selectivity in Pollachius pollachius complicating SPR interpretation, late maturity in Raja undulata and Scyliorhinus canicula supporting more conservative reference points, and current selectivity in Solea senegalensis heightening vulnerability. Future assessments should incorporate broader gear contexts, as gillnets dominate catches of S. canicula, Trisopterus luscus, and P. pollachius. Together, these results establish a regional baseline for demersal stock status in one of Europe’s key SSF regions, against which management actions and future trends can be evaluated.