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<p>The bacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) based flocculants significantly receive interest as a green and sustainable alternative for the wastewater treatment over polyacrylamides. However, despite of their initial progress, currently these materials are stagnated without significant advancements. It is due to the poor understanding of their chemical structure, synthesis pathways, molecular regulation and surface chemistry of flocculation. The polysaccharides are serving as the major backbones for the EPS flocculants. Particularly, amino sugars, neutral sugars, uronic acids, and amino acids are found to be their building blocks. However, many bioflocculants have unprecedented proportions of unrevealed “dark matters”. Advanced molecular techniques and polymer purification systems are paving the way to uncover such materials. The wastewater treatment efficacy of EPS flocculants has been established in various types of wastewaters. Their ability of enhancing various wastewater parameters namely turbidity, COD, suspended solids, heavy metals and dyes promote them as a potential alternative for synthetic flocculants. Among several theories, the electrostatic patching theory best explains their flocculation mechanism especially for cation dependent EPS flocculants. Compared with polyacrylamides, the substrate-to-product conversion level is several folds lower for EPS. The largescale operations have to face various challenges including lower yield, failure of runs and critical purification practices. However, these drawbacks can be overcome by advanced techniques such as genetic engineering. Moreover, several studies have indicated that the EPS flocculants can be produced from cheap waste substrates that paves a way for sustainable productivity.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Recent advancements in bacterial extracellular polymeric substances based flocculants for wastewater treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月2日

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  • Srinivasan R. Kaarmukhilnilavan,
  • Ammaiyappan Selvam,
  • Jonathan W. C. Wong,
  • Chockalingam Muthiah Ramakritinan,
  • Kumarasamy Murugesan

摘要

The bacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) based flocculants significantly receive interest as a green and sustainable alternative for the wastewater treatment over polyacrylamides. However, despite of their initial progress, currently these materials are stagnated without significant advancements. It is due to the poor understanding of their chemical structure, synthesis pathways, molecular regulation and surface chemistry of flocculation. The polysaccharides are serving as the major backbones for the EPS flocculants. Particularly, amino sugars, neutral sugars, uronic acids, and amino acids are found to be their building blocks. However, many bioflocculants have unprecedented proportions of unrevealed “dark matters”. Advanced molecular techniques and polymer purification systems are paving the way to uncover such materials. The wastewater treatment efficacy of EPS flocculants has been established in various types of wastewaters. Their ability of enhancing various wastewater parameters namely turbidity, COD, suspended solids, heavy metals and dyes promote them as a potential alternative for synthetic flocculants. Among several theories, the electrostatic patching theory best explains their flocculation mechanism especially for cation dependent EPS flocculants. Compared with polyacrylamides, the substrate-to-product conversion level is several folds lower for EPS. The largescale operations have to face various challenges including lower yield, failure of runs and critical purification practices. However, these drawbacks can be overcome by advanced techniques such as genetic engineering. Moreover, several studies have indicated that the EPS flocculants can be produced from cheap waste substrates that paves a way for sustainable productivity.

Graphical abstract