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<p>We document gender differences in children’s time investments in education, unpaid labour, and leisure in an understudied population of children living in urban informal settlements in Indonesia and Fiji. Using within-settlement and within-sibling comparisons, we find that boys spend significantly less time than girls on schooling and homework and more time on leisure activities. We find no evidence that parents spend less time engaged in educational activities with sons compared with daughters. We find that the gender gaps in time use are more pronounced among children whose parents have lower schooling and more financial constraints.</p>

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The gender gap in children’s educational time investments in informal settlements

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月30日

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  • Michelle Escobar Carías,
  • Nicole Black,
  • David Johnston,
  • Rohan Sweeney,
  • S. Fiona Barker,
  • Rosnaena,
  • Syaidah Syamsul,
  • Taniela Waka

摘要

We document gender differences in children’s time investments in education, unpaid labour, and leisure in an understudied population of children living in urban informal settlements in Indonesia and Fiji. Using within-settlement and within-sibling comparisons, we find that boys spend significantly less time than girls on schooling and homework and more time on leisure activities. We find no evidence that parents spend less time engaged in educational activities with sons compared with daughters. We find that the gender gaps in time use are more pronounced among children whose parents have lower schooling and more financial constraints.