In this study the Melia Composite (MC) was synthesized from local Melia azedarach fruit raw and local clay, batch adsorption method used for removal of Cyflumetofen (CYF) (Danisaraba) pesticide by adsorption. MC were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDX), BET surface area and thermal analysis (TGA, DTG). The performance of MC was elevated at four different temperatures (20, 30, 40 and 50 °C), and the effect of various parameters such as contact time, biosorbent dosage, adsorption isotherm and initial CYF concentration (50–1000 mg L⁻1) on its removal efficiency was investigated. The highest CYF removal efficiency of 70.84% was achieved after a contact time of 3 h. An optimum MC dosage of 0.25 g resulted in a removal efficiency of 86.51% at 50 °C. The pseudo-second order model (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${R}^{2}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> = 0.9883–0.9957) provide a better fit for kinetic analysis, the Freundlich isotherm model (<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${R}^{2}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> = 0.9749–0.9867) provided a better fit than the Langmuir model for adsorption of CYF by MC. The maximum adsorption capacity reached 143.69 mg g⁻1at 50 °C, while the desorption efficiency reached 84.8% at same temperature. Thermodynamic analysis revealed <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\Delta \text{H}^\circ$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of 18.82 kJ mol−1 and <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\Delta \text{S}^\circ$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msup> <mtext>S</mtext> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of 56.95 J mol−1 K−1. The adsorption process was identified as spontaneous, indicated by the negative <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\Delta \text{G}^\circ$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msup> <mtext>G</mtext> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and endothermic, as evidence by the positive of <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\Delta \text{H}^\circ$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The MC achieved 100% removal of CYF from a real wastewater sample, with an adsorption capacity of 15.87 mg g⁻1 at 50 °C, confirming its potential for wastewater treatment. The MC highly effective adsorption performance in real wastewater, cost-effective and environmentally friendly material for pesticide removal. Graphical abstract

Adsorptive remediation of cyflumetofen from wastewater using Melia azedarach-derived clay biochar composite: study of kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics

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2026年7月24日

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Dalya Salahaddin Ahmed,
Rezan Omer Rasheed,
Dler M. S. Shwan

摘要

In this study the Melia Composite (MC) was synthesized from local Melia azedarach fruit raw and local clay, batch adsorption method used for removal of Cyflumetofen (CYF) (Danisaraba) pesticide by adsorption. MC were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDX), BET surface area and thermal analysis (TGA, DTG). The performance of MC was elevated at four different temperatures (20, 30, 40 and 50 °C), and the effect of various parameters such as contact time, biosorbent dosage, adsorption isotherm and initial CYF concentration (50–1000 mg L⁻¹) on its removal efficiency was investigated. The highest CYF removal efficiency of 70.84% was achieved after a contact time of 3 h. An optimum MC dosage of 0.25 g resulted in a removal efficiency of 86.51% at 50 °C. The pseudo-second order model ( ${R}^{2}$ $R^{2}$ = 0.9883–0.9957) provide a better fit for kinetic analysis, the Freundlich isotherm model ( ${R}^{2}$ $R^{2}$ = 0.9749–0.9867) provided a better fit than the Langmuir model for adsorption of CYF by MC. The maximum adsorption capacity reached 143.69 mg g⁻¹at 50 °C, while the desorption efficiency reached 84.8% at same temperature. Thermodynamic analysis revealed $\Delta \text{H}^\circ$ $Δ H^{\circ}$ of 18.82 kJ mol⁻¹ and $\Delta \text{S}^\circ$ $Δ S^{\circ}$ of 56.95 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹. The adsorption process was identified as spontaneous, indicated by the negative $\Delta \text{G}^\circ$ $Δ G^{\circ}$ , and endothermic, as evidence by the positive of $\Delta \text{H}^\circ$ $Δ H^{\circ}$ . The MC achieved 100% removal of CYF from a real wastewater sample, with an adsorption capacity of 15.87 mg g⁻¹ at 50 °C, confirming its potential for wastewater treatment. The MC highly effective adsorption performance in real wastewater, cost-effective and environmentally friendly material for pesticide removal.

Graphical abstract