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<p><i>Cucumis sativus</i> (cucumber) peels were comprehensively studied for thermochemical conversion potential using thermo-kinetic investigation with a focus on multi-step degradation behavior. Proximate and elemental analyses confirmed good pyrolysis characteristics such as high volatile matter (66.70%) and reasonable fixed carbon (24.54%) which made it suitable for bioenergy applications. The TGA showed that there are three regions of degradation: moisture removal, active devolatilization (129–315&#xa0;°C) and slow degradation of lignin (residual char 23%). One of the novelty aspects of this work is the combination of the generalized linear integral method (GLIM) and Fraser-Suzuki peak deconvolution to resolve overlapping reactions to obtain reliable kinetic parameters. The deconvolution results gave three pseudo-components; hemicellulose (<i>P-HC</i><sub><i>l</i></sub>), cellulose (<i>P-C</i><sub><i>l</i></sub>) and lignin (<i>P-L</i><sub><i>g</i></sub>). Their activation energies were 135 ± 2, 154 ± 3 and 98 ± 2&#xa0;kJ&#xa0;mol<sup>−1</sup>. The activation energy for all conversions showed insignificant variations, conforming to single-step kinetics for the individual component. The process models determined by the advanced reaction model determination methodology suggest reaction order model for <i>P</i>-<i>HC</i><sub><i>l</i></sub><i>,</i> nucleation-growth for <i>P-C</i><sub><i>l</i></sub> and a rather complex diffusion for <i>P-L</i><sub><i>g</i></sub>. The thermodynamic analysis showed that lignin degradation is probably the least spontaneous and with relatively ordered transition state. The overall combined GLIM–Fraser–Suzuki approach is more comprehensive in terms of biomass pyrolysis kinetics, gives better/reliable mechanistic understanding of the pyrolysis process, and may lead to a more dependable design and optimization of reactors in the waste-to-energy system.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Kinetics and thermodynamics of non-isothermal pyrolysis mechanisms in Cucumis sativus peels

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月28日

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  • Qurat ul Ain Abid,
  • Muhammad Azeem Arshad,
  • Farah Kanwal,
  • Khurram Shahzad Munawar

摘要

Cucumis sativus (cucumber) peels were comprehensively studied for thermochemical conversion potential using thermo-kinetic investigation with a focus on multi-step degradation behavior. Proximate and elemental analyses confirmed good pyrolysis characteristics such as high volatile matter (66.70%) and reasonable fixed carbon (24.54%) which made it suitable for bioenergy applications. The TGA showed that there are three regions of degradation: moisture removal, active devolatilization (129–315 °C) and slow degradation of lignin (residual char 23%). One of the novelty aspects of this work is the combination of the generalized linear integral method (GLIM) and Fraser-Suzuki peak deconvolution to resolve overlapping reactions to obtain reliable kinetic parameters. The deconvolution results gave three pseudo-components; hemicellulose (P-HCl), cellulose (P-Cl) and lignin (P-Lg). Their activation energies were 135 ± 2, 154 ± 3 and 98 ± 2 kJ mol−1. The activation energy for all conversions showed insignificant variations, conforming to single-step kinetics for the individual component. The process models determined by the advanced reaction model determination methodology suggest reaction order model for P-HCl, nucleation-growth for P-Cl and a rather complex diffusion for P-Lg. The thermodynamic analysis showed that lignin degradation is probably the least spontaneous and with relatively ordered transition state. The overall combined GLIM–Fraser–Suzuki approach is more comprehensive in terms of biomass pyrolysis kinetics, gives better/reliable mechanistic understanding of the pyrolysis process, and may lead to a more dependable design and optimization of reactors in the waste-to-energy system.

Graphical Abstract