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<p>This study presents a sustainable and cost-effective strategy for the valorization of natural bentonite sourced from Jbel Terbia deposit in northeastern Morocco through an optimized physical purification protocol designed to isolate high-purity sodium-montmorillonite for environmental remediation applications. The purification process, based on sedimentation and centrifugation, effectively removed non-clay impurities such as quartz and feldspar, yielding a structurally well-ordered lamellar material with an expanded basal spacing (d<sub>001</sub>) of 14.0&#xa0;Å. Comprehensive characterization by XRD, FTIR, SEM–EDS, BET, and UV–Vis DRS confirmed the successful enrichment of the montmorillonite phase, preservation of structural hydroxyl groups, flaky morphology, and a predominant Si/Al/Mg/Na composition. The purified bentonite exhibited a high specific surface area of 87.93&#xa0;m<sup>2</sup>/g and a mesoporous volume of 0.127&#xa0;cm<sup>3</sup>/g, highlighting its strong adsorption potential. Optical analysis revealed a wide band gap of 3.86&#xa0;eV, confirming its photochemical inertness under visible light and suitability as a stable support matrix for photocatalytic systems. Application tests using rhodamine B as a model pollutant demonstrated significant dye removal efficiency, achieving 54% adsorption under dark conditions after 240&#xa0;min, while visible light irradiation enhanced removal to 71% within only 30&#xa0;min through a synergistic adsorption-photosensitization mechanism. These findings demonstrate that purified Jbel Terbia bentonite is an eco-friendly, high-performance material with dual functionality as an efficient adsorbent and an ideal support for advanced clay-based photocatalytic composites, offering strong potential for integrated wastewater treatment technologies.</p>

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Purification and comprehensive characterization of montmorillonite-rich bentonite for aqueous dye depollution via adsorption and photocatalysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月28日

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  • Salma Bikerchalen,
  • Lhoussain Mllaoiy,
  • Amal Chtouki,
  • Bahcine Bakiz,
  • Sylvie Villain,
  • Aziz Taoufyq,
  • Frédéric Guinneton,
  • Jean Raymond Gavarri,
  • Abdeljalil Benlhachemi

摘要

This study presents a sustainable and cost-effective strategy for the valorization of natural bentonite sourced from Jbel Terbia deposit in northeastern Morocco through an optimized physical purification protocol designed to isolate high-purity sodium-montmorillonite for environmental remediation applications. The purification process, based on sedimentation and centrifugation, effectively removed non-clay impurities such as quartz and feldspar, yielding a structurally well-ordered lamellar material with an expanded basal spacing (d001) of 14.0 Å. Comprehensive characterization by XRD, FTIR, SEM–EDS, BET, and UV–Vis DRS confirmed the successful enrichment of the montmorillonite phase, preservation of structural hydroxyl groups, flaky morphology, and a predominant Si/Al/Mg/Na composition. The purified bentonite exhibited a high specific surface area of 87.93 m2/g and a mesoporous volume of 0.127 cm3/g, highlighting its strong adsorption potential. Optical analysis revealed a wide band gap of 3.86 eV, confirming its photochemical inertness under visible light and suitability as a stable support matrix for photocatalytic systems. Application tests using rhodamine B as a model pollutant demonstrated significant dye removal efficiency, achieving 54% adsorption under dark conditions after 240 min, while visible light irradiation enhanced removal to 71% within only 30 min through a synergistic adsorption-photosensitization mechanism. These findings demonstrate that purified Jbel Terbia bentonite is an eco-friendly, high-performance material with dual functionality as an efficient adsorbent and an ideal support for advanced clay-based photocatalytic composites, offering strong potential for integrated wastewater treatment technologies.