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<p>The increasing presence of toxic heavy metals, particularly hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), in water sources is a serious environmental concern with implications for human health. This study developed activated carbon (AC) derived from <i>Cupressus sempervirens</i> cones (CAC) as an eco-friendly, low-cost adsorbent for effectively removing Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. The CAC was prepared via pyrolysis at 500&#xa0;°C, followed by NaCl activation. Its properties were characterized using BET, SEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, and pHpzc analyses. The material exhibited a specific surface area of 45.96 m<sup>2</sup>/g and a mesoporous structure with an average pore diameter of 23.59&#xa0;nm. Batch adsorption experiments revealed that removal efficiency depended heavily on operational parameters, particularly pH. The maximum removal efficiency of 89.78% was achieved at pH 2 with an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 80&#xa0;mg/L. Isotherm analysis revealed that the adsorption process adhered to the Langmuir model (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.996), suggesting monolayer adsorption with a maximum capacity of 75.89&#xa0;mg/g. Pseudo-first&#xa0;order models provided the most accurate description of the adsorption behavior (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.998). Thermodynamic parameters confirmed spontaneous (Δ<i>G</i> &lt; 0) and exothermic (Δ<i>H</i> =  − 11.83&#xa0;kJ/mol) adsorption. Furthermore, CAC demonstrated acceptable reusability, maintaining 47% of its initial removal efficiency after four adsorptions–desorption cycles. These results suggest that CAC has high adsorption capacity, favorable kinetics, and reasonable stability, making it a promising, low-cost, sustainable adsorbent for effectively removing Cr(VI) from contaminated water.</p>

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Activated carbon derived from Cupressus sempervirens cones for hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous solutions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月15日

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  • Loubna Sadaoui,
  • Sihem Djebabra,
  • Fedia Bekiri,
  • Hanane Rehali,
  • Ines Hamdi,
  • Majda Charif,
  • Djihad Telhas

摘要

The increasing presence of toxic heavy metals, particularly hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), in water sources is a serious environmental concern with implications for human health. This study developed activated carbon (AC) derived from Cupressus sempervirens cones (CAC) as an eco-friendly, low-cost adsorbent for effectively removing Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. The CAC was prepared via pyrolysis at 500 °C, followed by NaCl activation. Its properties were characterized using BET, SEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, and pHpzc analyses. The material exhibited a specific surface area of 45.96 m2/g and a mesoporous structure with an average pore diameter of 23.59 nm. Batch adsorption experiments revealed that removal efficiency depended heavily on operational parameters, particularly pH. The maximum removal efficiency of 89.78% was achieved at pH 2 with an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 80 mg/L. Isotherm analysis revealed that the adsorption process adhered to the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.996), suggesting monolayer adsorption with a maximum capacity of 75.89 mg/g. Pseudo-first order models provided the most accurate description of the adsorption behavior (R2 = 0.998). Thermodynamic parameters confirmed spontaneous (ΔG < 0) and exothermic (ΔH =  − 11.83 kJ/mol) adsorption. Furthermore, CAC demonstrated acceptable reusability, maintaining 47% of its initial removal efficiency after four adsorptions–desorption cycles. These results suggest that CAC has high adsorption capacity, favorable kinetics, and reasonable stability, making it a promising, low-cost, sustainable adsorbent for effectively removing Cr(VI) from contaminated water.