Facile synthesis of watermelon juice extract templated ZnO@MnO2 nanocomposites as an effective photocatalyst for methylene blue dye degradation under visible light illumination
摘要
ZnO/α-MnO2 nanocomposites (NCs) was synthesized using watermelon juice extract as a facile template and evaluated for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. The synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) and NCs were characterized by TGA/DTA, XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDAX, TEM-HRTEM and SAED, UV–Vis DRS, BET, and XPS analyses. XRD analysis confirmed the successful formation of crystalline NPs and NCs with average crystallite sizes of 17.05, 22.6, 15.6, 17.33, and 17.4 nm for ZnO, α-MnO2, 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 ZnO/α-MnO2 NCs. Morphological studies (SEM, TEM-HRTEM, and SAED) demonstrated spherical and poly-dispersed NPs and NCs with improved crystallinity. BET analysis showed that 1:2 ZnO/α-MnO2 NCs possessed improved surface properties for photocatalytic degradation. XPS confirmed the presence of Zn, Mn, O, and C elements and verified the oxidized states of Zn2+ and Mn4+. The photocatalytic activities were evaluated towards MB degradation under visible light irradiation, with the 1:2 ZnO/α-MnO2 NCs exhibiting the highest degradation efficiency of 98.48% within 75 min. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the 1:2 ZnO/α-MnO2 NCs is attributed to the optimized band gap, increased surface area, and efficient charge transfer across the heterojunction interfwhereas the holes oxidizeace.