Adsorption kinetics and surface interactions of organic dyes and copper ions on a novel biosorbent: raw artichoke hay
摘要
Raw artichoke hay (RAH), an abundant agricultural residue, was evaluated as a sustainable biosorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB), Congo red (CR), and Cu(II) ions from water. Rapid uptake of MB (96.8% within 15 min), progressive retention of CR (96.0% at 80 min), and slower removal of Cu(II) (88.1% at 120 min) highlighted pollutant-specific kinetics. Kinetic modeling confirmed pseudo-second order and pore diffusion as dominant mechanisms. Isotherm analysis revealed distinct behaviors: MB adsorption fitted Langmuir (qmax ≈ 245 mg g–1), CR fitted Toth (qmax ≈ 52 mg g–1), and Cu(II) fitted Freundlich (qmax ≈ 25 mg g–1). Thermodynamic parameters indicated feasibility and spontaneity, while regeneration validated reusability. Competitive adsorption experiments demonstrated differential affinities linked to molecular size and charge. These findings establish RAH as a diffusion-influenced, heterogeneous biosorbent with strong potential for sustainable water treatment.