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<p>The goal of this work is to create a magnetic composite based on raw Algerian bentonite for the elimination of crystal violet (CV) from a synthetic solution. Magnetic and raw bentonite have been characterized using XRD, XRF, TGA, DSC, FTIR, and N<sub>2</sub> adsorption/desorption tools. It was found that the BET surface area of the magnetic composite is four times higher than that of the raw adsorbent. Non-linear kinetic investigations demonstrate that the PSO model accurately describes the adsorption processes, with R2 equal to 0.98 for RB and 0.97 for MB, and the lowest values of <i>X</i><sup>2</sup>, indicating that chemical adsorption is the stage that determines the process rate. According to thermodynamic studies, the process was endothermic, spontaneous, and feasible at high temperatures. The Langmuir isotherm, which describes monolayer adsorption, provided the most accurate fit to the isotherm data, with R<sup>2</sup> values of 0.99 and 0.95 for RB and MB and the lowest values of<i> X</i><sup>2</sup>. The impregnation of γ-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles on raw bentonite increases the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity from 132.88 to 143.94&#xa0;mg&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>. The impact of adsorbent dose, initial CV concentration, and other adsorption factors was studied and optimized. The results show rapid adsorption (30 min) in a basic medium, with an optimum adsorbent dose of 15 mg and an optimum initial CV concentration of 30 mg L<sup>−1</sup> at higher temperatures. From these results, we concluded that the γ-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/bentonite magnetic composite can be used in industry as an effective, easily separable, and environmentally friendly adsorbent for the removal of crystal violet dye from aqueous solutions.</p>

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Mechanistic insights into crystal violet adsorption: a comparative study of raw bentonite and γ-Fe2O3/bentonite magnetic composite

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月10日

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  • Nour Elhouda Brichi,
  • Fatima Zohra Batana,
  • Mebrouk Djedid,
  • Romaissa Hadjaissa,
  • Nassira Bouzar,
  • Mokhtar Benalia

摘要

The goal of this work is to create a magnetic composite based on raw Algerian bentonite for the elimination of crystal violet (CV) from a synthetic solution. Magnetic and raw bentonite have been characterized using XRD, XRF, TGA, DSC, FTIR, and N2 adsorption/desorption tools. It was found that the BET surface area of the magnetic composite is four times higher than that of the raw adsorbent. Non-linear kinetic investigations demonstrate that the PSO model accurately describes the adsorption processes, with R2 equal to 0.98 for RB and 0.97 for MB, and the lowest values of X2, indicating that chemical adsorption is the stage that determines the process rate. According to thermodynamic studies, the process was endothermic, spontaneous, and feasible at high temperatures. The Langmuir isotherm, which describes monolayer adsorption, provided the most accurate fit to the isotherm data, with R2 values of 0.99 and 0.95 for RB and MB and the lowest values of X2. The impregnation of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles on raw bentonite increases the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity from 132.88 to 143.94 mg g−1. The impact of adsorbent dose, initial CV concentration, and other adsorption factors was studied and optimized. The results show rapid adsorption (30 min) in a basic medium, with an optimum adsorbent dose of 15 mg and an optimum initial CV concentration of 30 mg L−1 at higher temperatures. From these results, we concluded that the γ-Fe2O3/bentonite magnetic composite can be used in industry as an effective, easily separable, and environmentally friendly adsorbent for the removal of crystal violet dye from aqueous solutions.