<p>In this paper, for <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1172_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="44" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k\in \mathbb {N}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we introduce special sets <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1172_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="44" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {A}^{ksmc}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">A</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">ksmc</mi> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, referred to as <i>k</i> semi-colored sets. In particular, for <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1172_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k\ge 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we construct such sets for which, beyond a certain threshold, the partition function <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1172_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="88" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p_{{\mathcal {A}}^{(k-1)smc}}(n)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">A</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msup> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, i.e. the number of partitions of <i>n</i> with parts in <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1172_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="18" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="68" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({{\mathcal {A}}^{(k-1)smc}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">A</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, is congruent to 0 modulo <i>k</i>. Furthermore, we investigate “thin” sets characterized by the counting function <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1172_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="147" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {A}^{(k-1)smc}(x)\asymp \log x\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">A</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>≍</mo> <mo>log</mo> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> as <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1172_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="68" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( x\longrightarrow \infty \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In contrast, we also provide two examples of “dense” sets, where the counting function satisfies <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1172_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="25" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="142" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {A}^{(k-1)smc}(x)\gg \frac{x}{\log x}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">A</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>≫</mo> <mfrac> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <mo>log</mo> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> as <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1172_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="68" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(x\longrightarrow \infty \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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Semi-colored Partitions

  • Fethi Ben Saïd

摘要

In this paper, for \(k\in \mathbb {N}\) k N , we introduce special sets \(\mathcal {A}^{ksmc}\) A ksmc , referred to as k semi-colored sets. In particular, for \(k\ge 2\) k 2 , we construct such sets for which, beyond a certain threshold, the partition function \(p_{{\mathcal {A}}^{(k-1)smc}}(n)\) p A ( k - 1 ) s m c ( n ) , i.e. the number of partitions of n with parts in \({{\mathcal {A}}^{(k-1)smc}}\) A ( k - 1 ) s m c , is congruent to 0 modulo k. Furthermore, we investigate “thin” sets characterized by the counting function \(\mathcal {A}^{(k-1)smc}(x)\asymp \log x\) A ( k - 1 ) s m c ( x ) log x as \( x\longrightarrow \infty \) x . In contrast, we also provide two examples of “dense” sets, where the counting function satisfies \(\mathcal {A}^{(k-1)smc}(x)\gg \frac{x}{\log x}\) A ( k - 1 ) s m c ( x ) x log x as \(x\longrightarrow \infty \) x .