<p>Andrews, Lewis, and Lovejoy introduced partitions with designated summands. Later on, Lin introduced the partition function <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1116_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="65" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\text {PDO}_t(n)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mtext>PDO</mtext> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, which counts the total number of tagged parts over all the partitions of <i>n</i> with designated summands in which all parts are odd. For <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1116_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k\ge 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, Lin conjectured congruences for <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1116_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="100" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\text {PDO}_t(8\cdot 3^kn)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mtext>PDO</mtext> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mo>·</mo> <msup> <mn>3</mn> <mi>k</mi> </msup> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1116_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="108" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\text {PDO}_t(12\cdot 3^kn)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mtext>PDO</mtext> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>12</mn> <mo>·</mo> <msup> <mn>3</mn> <mi>k</mi> </msup> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> modulo <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1116_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="31" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(3^{k+2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mn>3</mn> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In this article, we study these congruences. Firstly, we study the generating functions of <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1116_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="100" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\text {PDO}_t(8\cdot 3^kn)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mtext>PDO</mtext> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mo>·</mo> <msup> <mn>3</mn> <mi>k</mi> </msup> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1116_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="108" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\text {PDO}_t(12\cdot 3^kn)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mtext>PDO</mtext> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>12</mn> <mo>·</mo> <msup> <mn>3</mn> <mi>k</mi> </msup> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> modulo <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1116_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="31" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(3^{k+3}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mn>3</mn> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for certain values of <i>k</i>. Next, we study <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1116_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="65" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\text {PDO}_t(n)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mtext>PDO</mtext> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> modulo powers of 2. We establish infinitely many congruences for <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1116_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="65" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\text {PDO}_t(n)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mtext>PDO</mtext> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> modulo 8 and 32. We prove several congruences modulo small powers of 2 and discuss the existence of congruences modulo arbitrary powers of 2 similar to those in Lin’s conjecture. In reference to this, we also pose some problems for future work.</p>

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A note on Lin’s conjecture on \(\text {PDO}_t(n)\)

  • Gurinder Singh,
  • Rupam Barman

摘要

Andrews, Lewis, and Lovejoy introduced partitions with designated summands. Later on, Lin introduced the partition function \(\text {PDO}_t(n)\) PDO t ( n ) , which counts the total number of tagged parts over all the partitions of n with designated summands in which all parts are odd. For \(k\ge 0\) k 0 , Lin conjectured congruences for \(\text {PDO}_t(8\cdot 3^kn)\) PDO t ( 8 · 3 k n ) and \(\text {PDO}_t(12\cdot 3^kn)\) PDO t ( 12 · 3 k n ) modulo \(3^{k+2}\) 3 k + 2 . In this article, we study these congruences. Firstly, we study the generating functions of \(\text {PDO}_t(8\cdot 3^kn)\) PDO t ( 8 · 3 k n ) and \(\text {PDO}_t(12\cdot 3^kn)\) PDO t ( 12 · 3 k n ) modulo \(3^{k+3}\) 3 k + 3 for certain values of k. Next, we study \(\text {PDO}_t(n)\) PDO t ( n ) modulo powers of 2. We establish infinitely many congruences for \(\text {PDO}_t(n)\) PDO t ( n ) modulo 8 and 32. We prove several congruences modulo small powers of 2 and discuss the existence of congruences modulo arbitrary powers of 2 similar to those in Lin’s conjecture. In reference to this, we also pose some problems for future work.