<p>Motivated by the conjecture of Sun on the log-convexity of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1115_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="97" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\{\root n \of {p(n)}\}_{n\ge 60}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mroot> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </mroot> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>60</mn> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we obtain the log-convexity of <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1115_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="111" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\{\root n \of {spt(n)}\}_{n\ge 30}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mroot> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </mroot> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>30</mn> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. For any real number <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1115_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, there exists an integer <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1115_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="35" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n(\alpha )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> such that the sequence <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1115_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="150" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\{\root n \of {spt(n)/n^{\alpha } } \}_{n\ge n(\alpha ) }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mroot> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <msup> <mi>n</mi> <mi>α</mi> </msup> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </mroot> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is log-convex. Moreover, we establish an inequality on the ratio <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1115_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="175" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\root n-1 \of {spt(n-1)} }\big /{\root n \of {spt(n)}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mroot> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mroot> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">/</mo> </mrow> <mroot> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </mroot> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> by finding an upper bound of <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1115_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="152" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta ^{2} \log \root n-1 \of {spt(n-1)}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>log</mo> <mroot> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mroot> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In the end, we prove the higher order Turán inequalities for <i>spt</i>(<i>n</i>) conjectured by Chen by considering the reality of the Jensen polynomial <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1115_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="25" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="57" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(J_{spt}^{d,n} (X)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>J</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">spt</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> associated to <i>spt</i>(<i>n</i>).</p>

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The log-convexity of the n-th root sequence of the Andrews smallest parts function

  • Hui Guo,
  • Zuo-Ru Zhang

摘要

Motivated by the conjecture of Sun on the log-convexity of \(\{\root n \of {p(n)}\}_{n\ge 60}\) { p ( n ) n } n 60 , we obtain the log-convexity of \(\{\root n \of {spt(n)}\}_{n\ge 30}\) { s p t ( n ) n } n 30 . For any real number \(\alpha \) α , there exists an integer \(n(\alpha )\) n ( α ) such that the sequence \(\{\root n \of {spt(n)/n^{\alpha } } \}_{n\ge n(\alpha ) }\) { s p t ( n ) / n α n } n n ( α ) is log-convex. Moreover, we establish an inequality on the ratio \({\root n-1 \of {spt(n-1)} }\big /{\root n \of {spt(n)}}\) s p t ( n - 1 ) n - 1 / s p t ( n ) n by finding an upper bound of \(\Delta ^{2} \log \root n-1 \of {spt(n-1)}\) Δ 2 log s p t ( n - 1 ) n - 1 . In the end, we prove the higher order Turán inequalities for spt(n) conjectured by Chen by considering the reality of the Jensen polynomial \(J_{spt}^{d,n} (X)\) J spt d , n ( X ) associated to spt(n).