<p>For any positive integers <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1113_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="39" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k_1, k_2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and any set <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1113_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="49" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A \subseteq {\mathbb {N}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>⊆</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, let <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1113_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="84" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(R_{k_1,k_2}(A,n)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be the number of solutions of the equation <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1113_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="114" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n=k_1a_1+k_2a_2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1113_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="76" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a_1,a_2\in A\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. For two integers <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1113_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k&gt;1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1113_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="39" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(t\ge 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, define <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1113_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="36" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(g_k(t)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>g</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to be the number of sets <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1113_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="49" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A\subseteq {\mathbb {N}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>⊆</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> such that <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1113_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="223" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(R_{1,k}(A,n)-R_{1,k}({\mathbb {N}}\setminus A,n)=1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> <mo lspace="0.15em" rspace="0.15em" stretchy="false">\</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> holds for all integers <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1113_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\ge t\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In this paper, we prove that if <i>k</i>,&#xa0;<i>m</i> are two integers with <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1113_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k&gt;1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1113_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="47" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(m\ge 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, then there exists a unique set <i>A</i> such that <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1113_Article_IEq14.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="258" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(R_{1,k}(A,n)-R_{1,k}({\mathbb {N}}\setminus A,n)=m+1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> <mo lspace="0.15em" rspace="0.15em" stretchy="false">\</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for all integers <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1113_Article_IEq15.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="61" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\ge mk\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. And we also give the exact formula of <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1113_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="36" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(g_k(t)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>g</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> when <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1113_Article_IEq17.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="45" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(t\le k.\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation></p>

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Partitions of the set of natural numbers and their weighted representation functions

  • Xiao-Hui Yan,
  • Yu-Qing Shan

摘要

For any positive integers \(k_1, k_2\) k 1 , k 2 and any set \(A \subseteq {\mathbb {N}}\) A N , let \(R_{k_1,k_2}(A,n)\) R k 1 , k 2 ( A , n ) be the number of solutions of the equation \(n=k_1a_1+k_2a_2\) n = k 1 a 1 + k 2 a 2 with \(a_1,a_2\in A\) a 1 , a 2 A . For two integers \(k>1\) k > 1 and \(t\ge 0\) t 0 , define \(g_k(t)\) g k ( t ) to be the number of sets \(A\subseteq {\mathbb {N}}\) A N such that \(R_{1,k}(A,n)-R_{1,k}({\mathbb {N}}\setminus A,n)=1\) R 1 , k ( A , n ) - R 1 , k ( N \ A , n ) = 1 holds for all integers \(n\ge t\) n t . In this paper, we prove that if km are two integers with \(k>1\) k > 1 and \(m\ge 0\) m 0 , then there exists a unique set A such that \(R_{1,k}(A,n)-R_{1,k}({\mathbb {N}}\setminus A,n)=m+1\) R 1 , k ( A , n ) - R 1 , k ( N \ A , n ) = m + 1 for all integers \(n\ge mk\) n m k . And we also give the exact formula of \(g_k(t)\) g k ( t ) when \(t\le k.\) t k .