<p>Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1082_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d\ge 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be a positive integer, <i>K</i> an algebraically closed field of characteristic not dividing <i>d</i>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1082_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="71" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\ge d+1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> a positive integer prime to <i>d</i>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1082_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="89" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f(x)\in K[x]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> a degree <i>n</i> monic polynomial without repeated roots, <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1082_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="113" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C_{f,d}: y^d=f(x)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>:</mo> <msup> <mi>y</mi> <mi>d</mi> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> the corresponding smooth plane affine curve over <i>K</i>, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1082_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="29" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {C}_{f,d}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">C</mi> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> a smooth projective model of <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1082_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="32" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C_{f,d}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1082_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="50" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(J(\mathcal {C}_{f,d})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>J</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">C</mi> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be the Jacobian of <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1082_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="29" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {C}_{f,d} \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">C</mi> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We identify <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1082_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="29" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {C}_{f,d}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">C</mi> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with the image of its canonical embedding into <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1082_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="50" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(J(\mathcal {C}_{f,d})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>J</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">C</mi> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> (such that the infinite point of <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1082_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="29" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {C}_{f,d}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">C</mi> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> goes to the zero of the group law on <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1082_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="50" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(J(\mathcal {C}_{f,d})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>J</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">C</mi> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>). Earlier the second named author proved that if <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1082_Article_IEq15.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="40" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d=2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1082_Article_IEq16.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="109" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n=2g+1 \ge 5\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>g</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, then the genus <i>g</i> hyperelliptic curve <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1082_Article_IEq17.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="26" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {C}_{f,2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">C</mi> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> contains no torsion points of orders lying between 3 and <InlineEquation ID="IEq18"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1082_Article_IEq18.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="81" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n-1=2g\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>g</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In the present paper we generalize this result to the case of arbitrary <i>d</i>. Namely, we prove that if <i>P</i> is a torsion point of order <InlineEquation ID="IEq19"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1082_Article_IEq19.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="47" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(m&gt;1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> on <InlineEquation ID="IEq20"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1082_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="29" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {C}_{f,d}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">C</mi> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, then either <InlineEquation ID="IEq21"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1082_Article_IEq21.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="50" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(m=d\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> or <InlineEquation ID="IEq22"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1082_Article_IEq22.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="51" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(m\ge n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We also describe all curves <InlineEquation ID="IEq23"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11139_2025_1082_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="29" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {C}_{f,d}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">C</mi> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> having a torsion point of order <i>n</i>.</p>

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Torsion points of small order on cyclic covers of \({\mathbb {P}}^1\)

  • Boris M. Bekker,
  • Yuri G. Zarhin

摘要

Let \(d\ge 2\) d 2 be a positive integer, K an algebraically closed field of characteristic not dividing d, \(n\ge d+1\) n d + 1 a positive integer prime to d, \(f(x)\in K[x]\) f ( x ) K [ x ] a degree n monic polynomial without repeated roots, \(C_{f,d}: y^d=f(x)\) C f , d : y d = f ( x ) the corresponding smooth plane affine curve over K, and \(\mathcal {C}_{f,d}\) C f , d a smooth projective model of \(C_{f,d}\) C f , d . Let \(J(\mathcal {C}_{f,d})\) J ( C f , d ) be the Jacobian of \(\mathcal {C}_{f,d} \) C f , d . We identify \(\mathcal {C}_{f,d}\) C f , d with the image of its canonical embedding into \(J(\mathcal {C}_{f,d})\) J ( C f , d ) (such that the infinite point of \(\mathcal {C}_{f,d}\) C f , d goes to the zero of the group law on \(J(\mathcal {C}_{f,d})\) J ( C f , d ) ). Earlier the second named author proved that if \(d=2\) d = 2 and \(n=2g+1 \ge 5\) n = 2 g + 1 5 , then the genus g hyperelliptic curve \(\mathcal {C}_{f,2}\) C f , 2 contains no torsion points of orders lying between 3 and \(n-1=2g\) n - 1 = 2 g . In the present paper we generalize this result to the case of arbitrary d. Namely, we prove that if P is a torsion point of order \(m>1\) m > 1 on \(\mathcal {C}_{f,d}\) C f , d , then either \(m=d\) m = d or \(m\ge n\) m n . We also describe all curves \(\mathcal {C}_{f,d}\) C f , d having a torsion point of order n.