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<p>Few health-related constructs or measures have received a critical evaluation in terms of measurement equivalence, such as self-reported health survey data. Differential item functioning (DIF) analysis is crucial for evaluating measurement equivalence in self-reported health surveys, which are often hierarchical in structure. Traditional single-level DIF methods in this case fall short, making multilevel models a better alternative. We highlight the benefits of multilevel modeling for DIF analysis, when applying a health survey data set to multilevel binary logistic regression (for analyzing binary response data) and multilevel multinominal logistic regression (for analyzing polytomous response data), and comparing them with their single-level counterparts. Our findings show that multilevel models fit better and explain more variance than single-level models. This article is expected to raise awareness of multilevel modeling and help healthcare researchers and practitioners understand the use of multilevel modeling for DIF analysis.</p>

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Examining differential item functioning in self-reported health survey data: via multilevel modeling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月28日

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  • Dandan Chen Kaptur,
  • Yiqing Liu,
  • Bradley Kaptur,
  • Nicholas Peterman,
  • Jinming Zhang,
  • Justin L. Kern,
  • Carolyn Anderson

摘要

Few health-related constructs or measures have received a critical evaluation in terms of measurement equivalence, such as self-reported health survey data. Differential item functioning (DIF) analysis is crucial for evaluating measurement equivalence in self-reported health surveys, which are often hierarchical in structure. Traditional single-level DIF methods in this case fall short, making multilevel models a better alternative. We highlight the benefits of multilevel modeling for DIF analysis, when applying a health survey data set to multilevel binary logistic regression (for analyzing binary response data) and multilevel multinominal logistic regression (for analyzing polytomous response data), and comparing them with their single-level counterparts. Our findings show that multilevel models fit better and explain more variance than single-level models. This article is expected to raise awareness of multilevel modeling and help healthcare researchers and practitioners understand the use of multilevel modeling for DIF analysis.