<p>This study examines the gender gap in entrepreneurial intention (EI) among Colombian university students, decomposing it into the share attributable to observable differences in entrepreneurial attitude, perceived behavioral control, and perceived social support from family, friends, and classmates, and the share that remains unexplained. Using GUESSS survey data and Fairlie nonlinear decomposition of logistic regression estimates, we find that 75–77% of the gender gap is explained by observable characteristics, with entrepreneurial attitude and perceived behavioral control jointly accounting for 97–99.7% of this explained component. Perceived social support makes a smaller but statistically significant contribution: family support exceeds friends’ support, which in turn exceeds classmates’ support, consistent with the relative weight family expectations carry in shaping entrepreneurial aspirations. The remaining 23–25% of the gap is unexplained; rather than attributing this residual directly to implicit gender stereotypes, as is common in prior work, we show its magnitude is sensitive to plausible measurement choices and treat it as consistent with several non-mutually-exclusive explanations, including omitted variables and measurement error. We find no statistically significant heterogeneity in the gender gap by age, prior entrepreneurial exposure, or family entrepreneurial background. By integrating Social Gender Role Theory, Gender Role Orientation, and the Theory of Planned Behavior into a single hypothesis-testing framework for an upper-middle-income economy, and by adopting a more cautious interpretation of the unexplained component than is typical in this literature, this study offers new evidence on how gender shapes entrepreneurial intention and informs educational interventions aimed at narrowing the gap.</p>