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<p>This Study presents a self-recovery based secure watermarking scheme for embedding patient medical reports inside medical images like Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and X-ray scans. In this study, PCA-DCT, PCA-DWT, and LSB based embedding technique are incorporated inside the framework which will allow watermarking without any visual distortion in the medical image. The framework enables tampering detection, localization, and recovery of the tampered portion of the image. During extraction phase, this scheme follows a non-blind approach where reference data is used to extract the watermarks correctly. Several experiments have been performed with different attacks on the medical image, and the performance of the framework has been measured with PSNR and SSIM. The result shows that for PCA-DCT, the value of PSNR is 61.43&#xa0;dB and SSIM is 0.9994, and the value of PSNR and SSIM for PCA-DWT are 65.66&#xa0;dB and 0.9999 respectively.</p>

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Securing medical images with PCA-DCT-DWT watermarking for tamper detection and self-recovery

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月25日

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  • Raj Kumar Batchu,
  • Tangirala Venkata Raghavendra Pranay,
  • Madhusudhana Rao Dontha,
  • Sai Krishna Reddy Dasarapu,
  • Avula Avinash,
  • Anasuya Bhima

摘要

This Study presents a self-recovery based secure watermarking scheme for embedding patient medical reports inside medical images like Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and X-ray scans. In this study, PCA-DCT, PCA-DWT, and LSB based embedding technique are incorporated inside the framework which will allow watermarking without any visual distortion in the medical image. The framework enables tampering detection, localization, and recovery of the tampered portion of the image. During extraction phase, this scheme follows a non-blind approach where reference data is used to extract the watermarks correctly. Several experiments have been performed with different attacks on the medical image, and the performance of the framework has been measured with PSNR and SSIM. The result shows that for PCA-DCT, the value of PSNR is 61.43 dB and SSIM is 0.9994, and the value of PSNR and SSIM for PCA-DWT are 65.66 dB and 0.9999 respectively.