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<p>The primary objective of this study is to examine the heterogeneous effects of economic growth, renewable energy consumption, nuclear energy consumption, financial globalization, and technological innovation on ecological sustainability across leading nuclear energy-consuming European economies. Although these economies have experienced rapid economic growth; however, they have also contributed significantly to environmental degradation, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of the relationship between energy consumption patterns and ecological sustainability. While the ecological benefits of renewable energy consumption are well documented in the prior empirical literature; however, the role of nuclear energy consumption in promoting ecological sustainability remains relatively underexplored. To address this gap, the current study considers balanced panel data from 1993 to 2023 and employs the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (<i>MMQR</i>) approach to estimate the heterogeneous effects of these determinants across different quantiles of ecological sustainability. The <i>MMQR</i> outcomes indicate that economic growth adversely affects ecological sustainability across all quantiles (5th–95th), whereas renewable energy consumption exerts a positive effect on it. On the contrary, nuclear energy consumption has a positive effect on ecological sustainability only at the lower (5th) and median (50th) quantiles. Furthermore, financial globalization positively influences ecological sustainability across the lower (5th) and upper-middle (75th) quantiles, while technological innovation enhances it at the median (50th) and upper (95th) quantiles. These findings highlight the need for these European economies to transition toward renewable energy systems, restructure fossil-fuel-dependent industries, and prioritize investments in nuclear energy to enhance ecological sustainability. The findings also highlight the importance of increasing <i>R&amp;D</i> funding for green technologies, fostering an attractive investment environment for foreign direct investment, and facilitating green finance to support advanced nuclear technologies such as smart modular reactors and Generation IV reactors.</p>

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Toward climate-resilient European economies: leveraging renewable energy, technological innovation, and nuclear energy for sustainable development

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Abdul Rafay,
  • Waqar Khalid,
  • Huri Gül Aybudak,
  • Mehdi Seraj,
  • Fatma Türüç,
  • Abeera Ayaz Ansari

摘要

The primary objective of this study is to examine the heterogeneous effects of economic growth, renewable energy consumption, nuclear energy consumption, financial globalization, and technological innovation on ecological sustainability across leading nuclear energy-consuming European economies. Although these economies have experienced rapid economic growth; however, they have also contributed significantly to environmental degradation, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of the relationship between energy consumption patterns and ecological sustainability. While the ecological benefits of renewable energy consumption are well documented in the prior empirical literature; however, the role of nuclear energy consumption in promoting ecological sustainability remains relatively underexplored. To address this gap, the current study considers balanced panel data from 1993 to 2023 and employs the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR) approach to estimate the heterogeneous effects of these determinants across different quantiles of ecological sustainability. The MMQR outcomes indicate that economic growth adversely affects ecological sustainability across all quantiles (5th–95th), whereas renewable energy consumption exerts a positive effect on it. On the contrary, nuclear energy consumption has a positive effect on ecological sustainability only at the lower (5th) and median (50th) quantiles. Furthermore, financial globalization positively influences ecological sustainability across the lower (5th) and upper-middle (75th) quantiles, while technological innovation enhances it at the median (50th) and upper (95th) quantiles. These findings highlight the need for these European economies to transition toward renewable energy systems, restructure fossil-fuel-dependent industries, and prioritize investments in nuclear energy to enhance ecological sustainability. The findings also highlight the importance of increasing R&D funding for green technologies, fostering an attractive investment environment for foreign direct investment, and facilitating green finance to support advanced nuclear technologies such as smart modular reactors and Generation IV reactors.