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<p>This study re-examines the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis by focusing on the expanded BRICS group—including Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE—alongside Brazil, Russia, India, and China. Unlike traditional EKC studies centered solely on economic growth, this research integrates renewable energy adoption and environmental innovation into the framework. Using special data from 1998 to 2023 and advanced statistical methods, it analyzes both CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and ecological footprints at the same time—something not often done in other studies. The findings support the EKC hypothesis, revealing that environmental degradation initially rises with economic growth but declines after a threshold income level. Additionally, renewable energy and environmental technologies significantly reduce tourism-driven environmental impacts over time. By looking at how quickly industrializing and tourism-heavy economies change, the study gives a well-rounded view and helpful advice for creating sustainable policies. Its originality lies in combining economic, technological, and environmental dimensions to propose balanced growth strategies for emerging economies.</p>

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Tourism-induced environmental Kuznets curve for expanded brics countries in the context of renewable energy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月10日

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  • Utku Altunöz,
  • İlker Öztürk,
  • Emre Tankuş,
  • Yetkin Bulut

摘要

This study re-examines the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis by focusing on the expanded BRICS group—including Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE—alongside Brazil, Russia, India, and China. Unlike traditional EKC studies centered solely on economic growth, this research integrates renewable energy adoption and environmental innovation into the framework. Using special data from 1998 to 2023 and advanced statistical methods, it analyzes both CO2 emissions and ecological footprints at the same time—something not often done in other studies. The findings support the EKC hypothesis, revealing that environmental degradation initially rises with economic growth but declines after a threshold income level. Additionally, renewable energy and environmental technologies significantly reduce tourism-driven environmental impacts over time. By looking at how quickly industrializing and tourism-heavy economies change, the study gives a well-rounded view and helpful advice for creating sustainable policies. Its originality lies in combining economic, technological, and environmental dimensions to propose balanced growth strategies for emerging economies.