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<p>This study proposes a two-stage approach in place of the typical radial DEA to analyzing the determinants of medical tourism efficiency from 2015 to 2019. We first apply the Boostraped Data Envelopment Analysis (BDEA) technique under a variable returns to scale model for calculating efficiency scores. Second, we use random tobit regression to investigate the determinants of medical tourism efficiency at the regional level. The empirical results of this study are as following: (i) due to the reforms, the overall medical tourism efficiency of EU member states improves over time; (ii) In most cases, medical tourism efficiency increases with the marketization index, GDP per capita, and health expenditures per capita, and decreases with occupancy rate; (iii) The inefficiency of the health system is mainly due to the time effect and differences in individual effects between countries. We have proposed policy measures to improve the efficiency of medical tourism.</p>

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Non-parametric analysis of the medical tourism efficiency and its determinants in the European economic area

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月29日

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  • Sami Chaabouni

摘要

This study proposes a two-stage approach in place of the typical radial DEA to analyzing the determinants of medical tourism efficiency from 2015 to 2019. We first apply the Boostraped Data Envelopment Analysis (BDEA) technique under a variable returns to scale model for calculating efficiency scores. Second, we use random tobit regression to investigate the determinants of medical tourism efficiency at the regional level. The empirical results of this study are as following: (i) due to the reforms, the overall medical tourism efficiency of EU member states improves over time; (ii) In most cases, medical tourism efficiency increases with the marketization index, GDP per capita, and health expenditures per capita, and decreases with occupancy rate; (iii) The inefficiency of the health system is mainly due to the time effect and differences in individual effects between countries. We have proposed policy measures to improve the efficiency of medical tourism.