<p>Communicating with social media has become a widely used mode among individuals and stakeholders. In this research, we investigate the relationship between the use of social media in the Italian community of patients with multiple sclerosis. To this end, we collected two kinds of data: (1) information through a structured questionnaire administered to multiple sclerosis patients and (2) tweets about multiple sclerosis from 2018 to 2023. We analysed data from the questionnaire using clustering methods to identify the social profiles of multiple sclerosis patients. The tweets, however, were examined using a double strategy: text analysis techniques and models to identify sentiment and topics and the use of social network analysis algorithms to reconstruct the community of the most active users and topics. The results highlighted a significant presence on social media platforms, particularly Facebook, which protects participants and promotes communication through closed groups. Furthermore, tweeting is the preferred tool for communication among trade associations, hospitals, politicians, and traditional media, which promote awareness of new therapies or opportunities for patients.</p>