<p>This paper explores a quantum secret sharing (QSS) protocol designed to encode classical information within quantum strings, employing Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) or <i>W</i> states as the underlying quantum channels. The fidelity of the shared information exhibits a strong dependence on the behavior of the quantum kernel. Charlie, the receiver, acquires one of eight distinct quantum states with equiprobability, achieving optimal fidelity and minimizing an eavesdropper’s potential information when the kernel exhibits maximal values. The fidelity metrics can be further enhanced through judicious adjustment of the classical control parameter. In scenarios where the W state serves as the quantum channel, Charlie retrieves information with varying degrees of fidelity and structural divergence, albeit with an inherent loss of the exact structure of the initial string. This structural alteration, while reducing perfect recoverability, introduces a unique trade-off that complicates potential interception strategies. The choice of the initial state from the computational basis <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\{{\big |{0}\big \rangle },~{\big |{1}\big \rangle }\}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mrow> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">|</mo> </mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">〉</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mrow> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">|</mo> </mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">〉</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> has a considerable impact on the kernel and security parameters. Notably, maximal kernel values display a strong correlation with particular polarizations, phases, and superpositions present within the computational basis.</p>

Sharing a classical string utilizing quantum techniques

期刊论文
发表日期：

2026年5月25日

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E. S. Elkhouly,
M. Y. Abd-Rabbou,
S. I. Ali,
N. Metwally

摘要

This paper explores a quantum secret sharing (QSS) protocol designed to encode classical information within quantum strings, employing Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) or W states as the underlying quantum channels. The fidelity of the shared information exhibits a strong dependence on the behavior of the quantum kernel. Charlie, the receiver, acquires one of eight distinct quantum states with equiprobability, achieving optimal fidelity and minimizing an eavesdropper’s potential information when the kernel exhibits maximal values. The fidelity metrics can be further enhanced through judicious adjustment of the classical control parameter. In scenarios where the W state serves as the quantum channel, Charlie retrieves information with varying degrees of fidelity and structural divergence, albeit with an inherent loss of the exact structure of the initial string. This structural alteration, while reducing perfect recoverability, introduces a unique trade-off that complicates potential interception strategies. The choice of the initial state from the computational basis $\{{\big |{0}\big \rangle },~{\big |{1}\big \rangle }\}$ ${| 0 〉, | 1 〉}$ has a considerable impact on the kernel and security parameters. Notably, maximal kernel values display a strong correlation with particular polarizations, phases, and superpositions present within the computational basis.