<p>In this work, we investigate the performance of non-Gaussian entangled resources in continuous-variable quantum teleportation within a realistic setting. We describe the characteristic functions of three distinct entangled resources, a two-mode squeezed vacuum state, a two-mode photon-subtracted squeezed state, and a two-mode photon-added squeezed state. We extend the theoretical analysis by Yang et al. (Phys Rev A 80:022315, 2009) to include the realistic experimental conditions such as photon losses, imperfect measurements which typically affect continuous-variable quantum teleportation. Our results demonstrate that even in non-ideal situations, the photon-subtracted squeezed state outperforms the other two resources in the low squeezing regime, keeping fidelity above the classical threshold that suggests the robustness of photon-subtracted squeezed state in practical teleportation applications. We further analyze the EPR correlations of these entangled resources, revealing that the photon-subtracted squeezed state exhibits stronger EPR correlations than the original two-mode squeezed vacuum state and the two-mode photon-added squeezed state. We incorporate an entanglement-based and a prepare-and-measure continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) schemes to illustrate the practical feasibility of the proposed model. We calculate the secure key rate for the two-mode squeezed state in the entanglement-based protocol, linking the analyzed correlations directly to practical quantum communication performance. Besides photon addition or subtraction, we employ zero-photon quantum catalysis operation that significantly improves the performance of continuous-variable quantum key distribution without adding photons. This study considers theoretical models with realistic imperfections and employs non-Gaussian entanglement to enable high-fidelity quantum teleportation.</p>