Purpose <p>Coffee growing in Brazil faces significant climate risks, with frost being one of the main threats to coffee productivity. However, the evaluation and monitoring of coffee plants after the occurrence of frost is complex. In this context, the use of remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) in assessments of coffee trees damaged by frost can offer a fast and accurate alternative to obtain qualitative and quantitative data essential for agricultural planning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the recovery of coffee plants after the occurrence of frost, using remotely piloted aircraft to support the monitoring and evaluation of coffee plantations of different ages and climatic risk zones.</p> Methods <p>The study used RPA equipped with multispectral camera to capture data on coffee plantations of different ages (one, two and eight years) and exposed to different levels of climate risk. The collection of images and data of agronomic variables, such as number of damaged leaves was carried out three days after frost and repeated at quarterly intervals, over a year and eight months.</p> Results <p>The results showed that the age of plants directly influences their recovery capacity: plants with two years showed greater resilience to frost damage, while plants with eight years showed more complex responses and slower recovery. Coffee trees in high climate risk zones (low-lying areas) suffered more severe damage (59%) than those located in lower risk areas (slopes areas) with 7.33%.</p> Conclusion <p>The use of RPA and vegetation indices is an effective approach to monitor the recovery of coffee trees after frost damage, allowing a detailed assessment of plantations of different ages in climate-risk areas. The application of these technologies can improve agricultural planning, increase the resilience of coffee production to extreme weather events and contribute to the financial stability of coffee farmers.</p>