<p>Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11118_2025_10212_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>μ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be a positive measure supported on a planar domain <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11118_2025_10212_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We consider the behavior of the balayage measure <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11118_2025_10212_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="113" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\nu :=\textrm{Bal}(\mu ,\partial \Omega )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ν</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mtext>Bal</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∂</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> near a point <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11118_2025_10212_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="58" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(z_{0}\in \partial \Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>z</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>∂</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> at which <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11118_2025_10212_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> has an outward-pointing cusp. Assuming that the order and coefficient of tangency of the cusp are <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11118_2025_10212_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d&gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11118_2025_10212_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a&gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, respectively, and that <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11118_2025_10212_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="169" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d\mu (z) \asymp |z-z_{0}|^{2b-2}d^{2}z\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>≍</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo>-</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>z</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>b</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mi>d</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi>z</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> as <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11118_2025_10212_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="51" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(z\rightarrow z_0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msub> <mi>z</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for some <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11118_2025_10212_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="39" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(b &gt; 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> (here <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11118_2025_10212_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="27" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d^2z\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>d</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi>z</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the Lebesgue measure on <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11118_2025_10212_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {C}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), we obtain the leading order term of <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11118_2025_10212_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="12" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\nu \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ν</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> near <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11118_2025_10212_Article_IEq14.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(z_{0}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>z</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. This leading term is universal in the sense that it only depends on <i>d</i>, <i>a</i>, and <i>b</i>. We also treat the case when the domain has multiple corners and cusps at the same point. Finally, we obtain an explicit expression for the balayage of the uniform measure on the tacnodal region between two osculating circles, and we give an application of this result to two-dimensional Coulomb gases.</p>

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Balayage of Measures: Behavior Near a Cusp

  • Christophe Charlier,
  • Jonatan Lenells

摘要

Let \(\mu \) μ be a positive measure supported on a planar domain \(\Omega \) Ω . We consider the behavior of the balayage measure \(\nu :=\textrm{Bal}(\mu ,\partial \Omega )\) ν : = Bal ( μ , Ω ) near a point \(z_{0}\in \partial \Omega \) z 0 Ω at which \(\Omega \) Ω has an outward-pointing cusp. Assuming that the order and coefficient of tangency of the cusp are \(d>0\) d > 0 and \(a>0\) a > 0 , respectively, and that \(d\mu (z) \asymp |z-z_{0}|^{2b-2}d^{2}z\) d μ ( z ) | z - z 0 | 2 b - 2 d 2 z as \(z\rightarrow z_0\) z z 0 for some \(b > 0\) b > 0 (here \(d^2z\) d 2 z is the Lebesgue measure on \(\mathbb {C}\) C ), we obtain the leading order term of \(\nu \) ν near \(z_{0}\) z 0 . This leading term is universal in the sense that it only depends on d, a, and b. We also treat the case when the domain has multiple corners and cusps at the same point. Finally, we obtain an explicit expression for the balayage of the uniform measure on the tacnodal region between two osculating circles, and we give an application of this result to two-dimensional Coulomb gases.