<p>In high-income countries, educational attainment is strongly negatively correlated with excess weight, but the education-obesity relationship is less clear in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The Population Education Transition (PET) theory suggests that at lower levels of development and in early stages of population’s exposure to new obesity-related health risks, education may initially increase obesity risk, but over time, it could become protective with increasing in development and heath interventions. This study aims to investigate the PET curve in Indonesia by estimating the dynamic of education–excess weight relationship in a period of growing population’s exposure to Western diets (1993–2014). Applying instrumental variable probit model, we estimate the effect of education, measured by years of schooling, on excess weight using panel data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey, which we link to data on a school construction program as an instrument for years of schooling. In total, the data of 13,254 panel respondents were examined in this study. We find a positive link between increased education attainment and excess body weight in later life, with the magnitude increasing over time concurrently with the nutritional transition. The positive effect of education was found consistently among men, but not among women. Our results are consistent with the early-stage PET prediction of a growing positive association between education and overweight during the initial stages of the nutritional transition. The findings also suggest a potentially gender-specific PET curve.</p>