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<p>Various natural disasters occur worldwide every year, causing network collapses in many areas. Additionally, due to the increase in broadband internet speed, high-speed and capacity-based network connectivity requires low-cost, secure, and rapidly deployable infrastructure to reconstruct the communication link and provide wireless communication. Considering these issues and with the advantages of Free Space Optics (FSO), this research successfully proposed a hybrid multiplexing technology that combines Coherent Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CO-OFDM) with quadrature amplitude modulation (4-QAM) and polarization division multiplexing (PDM) to attain a data throughput of 344&#xa0;Gbps per WDM channel. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is also incorporated to increase the data rate and capacity of the whole system, and a high data rate of 1.376&#xa0;Tbit/s for four distinct channels has been finally achieved. Multi-level multiplexing also increases spectral efficiency for this proposed system, which achieves the highest spectral efficiency of 3.44&#xa0;bps/Hz. Despite this, the weather conditions, which include haze, rain, fog, dust and other similar phenomena, are the obstacles that significantly degrade in an FSO connection to achieve the desired level of performance. Also, various researchers have tried to enhance the transmission distance and capacity for FSO systems. And finally, for reliable, secure FSO communication, this article proposed a hybrid modulated system with high capacity, which has achieved a maximum transmission distance of 67&#xa0;km for clear weather conditions and a minimum distance of 0.198&#xa0;km for heavy dust weather conditions.</p>

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High speed and spectrally efficient FSO communication: a 1.376 Tbit/s hybrid PDM-CO-OFDM-WDM architecture

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月14日

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  • Arajit Saha,
  • M. Reefaz Rahman,
  • Mohammad Nasir Uddin

摘要

Various natural disasters occur worldwide every year, causing network collapses in many areas. Additionally, due to the increase in broadband internet speed, high-speed and capacity-based network connectivity requires low-cost, secure, and rapidly deployable infrastructure to reconstruct the communication link and provide wireless communication. Considering these issues and with the advantages of Free Space Optics (FSO), this research successfully proposed a hybrid multiplexing technology that combines Coherent Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CO-OFDM) with quadrature amplitude modulation (4-QAM) and polarization division multiplexing (PDM) to attain a data throughput of 344 Gbps per WDM channel. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is also incorporated to increase the data rate and capacity of the whole system, and a high data rate of 1.376 Tbit/s for four distinct channels has been finally achieved. Multi-level multiplexing also increases spectral efficiency for this proposed system, which achieves the highest spectral efficiency of 3.44 bps/Hz. Despite this, the weather conditions, which include haze, rain, fog, dust and other similar phenomena, are the obstacles that significantly degrade in an FSO connection to achieve the desired level of performance. Also, various researchers have tried to enhance the transmission distance and capacity for FSO systems. And finally, for reliable, secure FSO communication, this article proposed a hybrid modulated system with high capacity, which has achieved a maximum transmission distance of 67 km for clear weather conditions and a minimum distance of 0.198 km for heavy dust weather conditions.