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<p>Salinity sharply limits barley establishment by slowing germination and constricting root system architecture (RSA). In 138 genotypes, we tested whether vitamin K<sub>3</sub> (menadione sodium bisulfite, MSB) seed priming can offset these early penalties by combining high-throughput phenotyping with genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Under 200 mM NaCl, final germination percentage (GP) fell by ≈11%, mean germination time (MGT) lengthened by ≈24%, and core RSA traits, primary root length, lateral number, and lateral density, declined by 14–24%. Whole-plant metrics such as maximum rooting depth, collar diameter, surface area, and volume dropped a further 15–30%, culminating in shorter shoots and reduced biomass. MSB priming substantially reversed these trends: GP rebounded by ≈10%, MGT returned to near-control levels (−21% vs salt), and root length and branching gained 16–20%. Shoot elongation and biomass recovered by 10–25%, mirroring partial RSA rescue. Salinity alone triggered a 50–80% surge in antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, POD, APX, GR, GST); priming boosted most of them by an additional 10–30% yet curtailed stress-induced osmolyte accumulation (proline—30–35%, soluble sugars slightly below the salt-only level). GWAS resolved several chromosome-wide loci that couple RSA with redox and osmolyte traits. A prominent multi-trait interval on 7H co-localized catalase and glutathione reductase peaks with root depth/volume and soluble sugars, while a 6H signal linked biomass, seminal root number, and axial elongation. Further loci implicated genes for cell-wall remodelling (polygalacturonase, 1H), hormone glycosylation (UDP-glycosyltransferase, 2H), proteostasis (F-box, 3H), translational resilience (DEAD-box helicase, 4H), and a compact regulatory cluster on 5H (HD-ZIP, LRR, P450, F-box, GDSL) that coordinates root initiation and axis growth. Collectively, MSB priming plus these genetic hotspots provide actionable markers and mechanistic hypotheses for breeding priming-responsive, salt-tolerant barley.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Harnessing vitamin K3 priming: Genome-Wide Mapping of Root and Redox Networks Conferring Salt Tolerance in Barley

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月20日

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  • Khairiah Mubarak Alwutayd,
  • Ashwag Shami,
  • Ahmad M. Alqudah,
  • Samar G. Thabet

摘要

Salinity sharply limits barley establishment by slowing germination and constricting root system architecture (RSA). In 138 genotypes, we tested whether vitamin K3 (menadione sodium bisulfite, MSB) seed priming can offset these early penalties by combining high-throughput phenotyping with genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Under 200 mM NaCl, final germination percentage (GP) fell by ≈11%, mean germination time (MGT) lengthened by ≈24%, and core RSA traits, primary root length, lateral number, and lateral density, declined by 14–24%. Whole-plant metrics such as maximum rooting depth, collar diameter, surface area, and volume dropped a further 15–30%, culminating in shorter shoots and reduced biomass. MSB priming substantially reversed these trends: GP rebounded by ≈10%, MGT returned to near-control levels (−21% vs salt), and root length and branching gained 16–20%. Shoot elongation and biomass recovered by 10–25%, mirroring partial RSA rescue. Salinity alone triggered a 50–80% surge in antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, POD, APX, GR, GST); priming boosted most of them by an additional 10–30% yet curtailed stress-induced osmolyte accumulation (proline—30–35%, soluble sugars slightly below the salt-only level). GWAS resolved several chromosome-wide loci that couple RSA with redox and osmolyte traits. A prominent multi-trait interval on 7H co-localized catalase and glutathione reductase peaks with root depth/volume and soluble sugars, while a 6H signal linked biomass, seminal root number, and axial elongation. Further loci implicated genes for cell-wall remodelling (polygalacturonase, 1H), hormone glycosylation (UDP-glycosyltransferase, 2H), proteostasis (F-box, 3H), translational resilience (DEAD-box helicase, 4H), and a compact regulatory cluster on 5H (HD-ZIP, LRR, P450, F-box, GDSL) that coordinates root initiation and axis growth. Collectively, MSB priming plus these genetic hotspots provide actionable markers and mechanistic hypotheses for breeding priming-responsive, salt-tolerant barley.

Graphical Abstract