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<p> This research investigated the genetic diversity of <i>Medicago orbicularis</i> genotypes distributed across different geographical regions of Azerbaijan at the molecular level using nine morphological traits and ten ISSR (inter simple sequence repeat) primers. Leaf width had the largest coefficient of variation (CV = 50.6%) among the characteristics. A significantly substantial connection (<i>r</i> = 0.904<b>**</b>) between plant height and pod diameter was found based on the factors that were evaluated. To assess the variability between groups and the significance of this variability, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. Since the <i>P</i>-values for all features are 0.000, the differences shown are not due to chance, and each feature differs significantly between groups. According to two-way cluster analysis, the main characteristics affecting the dendrogram’s development were plant height and the weight of a thousand seeds, which are important markers of genotypes. Out of 101 amplified DNA fragments, 12 were monomorphic (11.9%) and 89 were polymorphic (88.1%). The lengths of the amplified fragments varied from 50 to 1100 base pairs (bp), while the number of amplified fragments varied from 7 to 13. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) index for the chosen loci was 0.4. Using ISSR primer locations, a polymorphism analysis found a cluster of 60 genotypes of <i>Medicago orbicularis</i>. Genotypes were grouped into four major clusters using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method and the Jaccard similarity measure to create a dendrogram. The Jaccard similarity index ranged from 0.03 to 0.52. According to principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), the first five axes together accounted for 49.9% of the variation, but the first axis alone only explained 17.5%. This suggests that the populations are genetically similar since the first few axes did not capture the majority of the genetic diversity. Because it made it possible to determine the degrees of genetic variation among the genotypes of <i>Medicago orbicularis</i> under investigation, the ISSR approach was very helpful in this genetic research. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) results show that most of the total genetic variation (52.35%) was due to between-group differences, confirming the presence of significant genetic structure among populations (FST = 0.537). The Mantel test revealed a weak positive correlation between the distance matrices based on morphological and molecular data (<i>r</i> = 0.12). The results show a high level of genetic variation among the <i>Medicago orbicularis</i> genotypes under research.</p>

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Genetic Diversity in Azerbaijani Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal.: Morphological and Molecular Characterization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月26日

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  • Vahid Guvendiyev,
  • Zumrud Abaszade,
  • Dashgin Ganbarov,
  • Sabina Hajiyeva,
  • Elchin Hajiyev,
  • Elshad Gurbanov

摘要

This research investigated the genetic diversity of Medicago orbicularis genotypes distributed across different geographical regions of Azerbaijan at the molecular level using nine morphological traits and ten ISSR (inter simple sequence repeat) primers. Leaf width had the largest coefficient of variation (CV = 50.6%) among the characteristics. A significantly substantial connection (r = 0.904**) between plant height and pod diameter was found based on the factors that were evaluated. To assess the variability between groups and the significance of this variability, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. Since the P-values for all features are 0.000, the differences shown are not due to chance, and each feature differs significantly between groups. According to two-way cluster analysis, the main characteristics affecting the dendrogram’s development were plant height and the weight of a thousand seeds, which are important markers of genotypes. Out of 101 amplified DNA fragments, 12 were monomorphic (11.9%) and 89 were polymorphic (88.1%). The lengths of the amplified fragments varied from 50 to 1100 base pairs (bp), while the number of amplified fragments varied from 7 to 13. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) index for the chosen loci was 0.4. Using ISSR primer locations, a polymorphism analysis found a cluster of 60 genotypes of Medicago orbicularis. Genotypes were grouped into four major clusters using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method and the Jaccard similarity measure to create a dendrogram. The Jaccard similarity index ranged from 0.03 to 0.52. According to principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), the first five axes together accounted for 49.9% of the variation, but the first axis alone only explained 17.5%. This suggests that the populations are genetically similar since the first few axes did not capture the majority of the genetic diversity. Because it made it possible to determine the degrees of genetic variation among the genotypes of Medicago orbicularis under investigation, the ISSR approach was very helpful in this genetic research. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) results show that most of the total genetic variation (52.35%) was due to between-group differences, confirming the presence of significant genetic structure among populations (FST = 0.537). The Mantel test revealed a weak positive correlation between the distance matrices based on morphological and molecular data (r = 0.12). The results show a high level of genetic variation among the Medicago orbicularis genotypes under research.