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<p>Knowledge about genetic diversity in plant genetic materials is required for sustainable agriculture. Durum or macaroni wheat (<i>Titicum turgidum</i> L. subsp. <i>durum</i>) is a critical cereal crop that plays a significant role in providing the food source for many people in various parts of the world. In this study, the genetic population structure and diversity of 176 durum wheat genotypes were assessed using SSR markers and several agro-morphological traits. The phenotypic analysis results indicated significant differences among genotypes studied across 2 years for most measured traits. Among measured traits, the number of spikes, spike density, thousand-grain weight, grain yield, and biological yield showed the highest percentages of phenotypic and genotypic variation over 2 years. Additionally, these traits showed the highest mean-based genetic gain values in both cropping years (number of spike: 8.58 and 25.18; spike density: 5.28 and 27.52; thousand-grain weight: 12 and 22.78; grain yield: 26.45 and 12.93; biological yield: 12.34 and 8.72). The multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index identified 26 genotypes (5, 8, 13, 14, 16, 20, 21, 26, 51, 81, 86, 87, 91, 92, 95, 97, 99, 100, 102, 103, 155, 158, 163, 166, and 174) as superior for grain yield and other agronomic traits. In the molecular analysis, the SSR primers showed considerable efficiency in detecting the polymorphism across investigated genotypes. A total of 46 polymorphic fragments were amplified using the 17 SSR primers. The mean values for the polymorphism information content, resolving power, and marker index parameters were determined to be 0.46, 3.38, and 1.25, respectively. The genetic STRUCTURE analysis identified seven subpopulations (<i>K</i> = 7) and revealed that the distribution of genotypes across subpopulations was consistent with their genetic background. The AMOVA results showed that the level of genetic variation within subpopulations was greater than among them. Based on the population genetic diversity analysis, subpopulations Pop-3, Pop-6, Pop-7, and Pop-8 showed the highest values for Shannon’s information index and Nei’s gene diversity indices. The association analysis identified 26 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) across 15 agro-morphological traits. Among SSR markers, BARC186 was noteworthy for explaining 24–25%, and it may be a potential major QTL candidate. In conclusion, the identified genotypes with desirable quantitative traits can be utilized in future durum wheat breeding programs.</p>

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Deciphering Genetic Diversity in Durum Wheat Genotypes Using SSR Markers and Agro-Morphological Traits

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月4日

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  • Sousan Salehi,
  • Lia Shooshtari,
  • Reza Mohammadi,
  • Alireza Etminan,
  • Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh

摘要

Knowledge about genetic diversity in plant genetic materials is required for sustainable agriculture. Durum or macaroni wheat (Titicum turgidum L. subsp. durum) is a critical cereal crop that plays a significant role in providing the food source for many people in various parts of the world. In this study, the genetic population structure and diversity of 176 durum wheat genotypes were assessed using SSR markers and several agro-morphological traits. The phenotypic analysis results indicated significant differences among genotypes studied across 2 years for most measured traits. Among measured traits, the number of spikes, spike density, thousand-grain weight, grain yield, and biological yield showed the highest percentages of phenotypic and genotypic variation over 2 years. Additionally, these traits showed the highest mean-based genetic gain values in both cropping years (number of spike: 8.58 and 25.18; spike density: 5.28 and 27.52; thousand-grain weight: 12 and 22.78; grain yield: 26.45 and 12.93; biological yield: 12.34 and 8.72). The multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index identified 26 genotypes (5, 8, 13, 14, 16, 20, 21, 26, 51, 81, 86, 87, 91, 92, 95, 97, 99, 100, 102, 103, 155, 158, 163, 166, and 174) as superior for grain yield and other agronomic traits. In the molecular analysis, the SSR primers showed considerable efficiency in detecting the polymorphism across investigated genotypes. A total of 46 polymorphic fragments were amplified using the 17 SSR primers. The mean values for the polymorphism information content, resolving power, and marker index parameters were determined to be 0.46, 3.38, and 1.25, respectively. The genetic STRUCTURE analysis identified seven subpopulations (K = 7) and revealed that the distribution of genotypes across subpopulations was consistent with their genetic background. The AMOVA results showed that the level of genetic variation within subpopulations was greater than among them. Based on the population genetic diversity analysis, subpopulations Pop-3, Pop-6, Pop-7, and Pop-8 showed the highest values for Shannon’s information index and Nei’s gene diversity indices. The association analysis identified 26 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) across 15 agro-morphological traits. Among SSR markers, BARC186 was noteworthy for explaining 24–25%, and it may be a potential major QTL candidate. In conclusion, the identified genotypes with desirable quantitative traits can be utilized in future durum wheat breeding programs.