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<p><i>Curcuma caesia</i> Roxb., generally known as black turmeric, is an underutilized, medicinal plant species from the Zingiberaceae family, characterized by bluish-black rhizomes. This species is primarily found in northeast and central India and holds significant economic value due to its diverse medicinal properties. Presently, black turmeric is classified as a critically endangered species by NMPB, GoI, New Delhi. As a result, there is an urgent need to conserve this rare medicinal plant. Studies on the genetic diversity of <i>C. caesia</i> Roxb. are still in the primitive stage for selecting the superior germplasm. During the present study, 54 black turmeric germplasms were collected from different parts of central India, and genetic diversity was accessed using 110 species-specific SSR primers. Out of these, 97 primers successfully generated screenable alleles and were used for further study. A total of 311 alleles were generated, with an average of 3.20 alleles per primer. Among the 97 primers, 30 produced 100% polymorphism, with an average polymorphism rate of 54.90%. The PIC values ranged from 0 to 0.97, with an average of 0.41 per primer. The maximum PIC value (0.97) was observed for the JHH-31 primer, while all the monomorphic primers had a PIC value of 0. Primer CuAI-18 showed the highest marker index (MI) and effective multiplex ratio (EMR), averaging 19.16 and 24.68 per primer, respectively. The collected germplasm was classified into two genetically distinct clusters, with the major group further divided into five subgroups. The dendrogram illustrated the genetic distance between the germplasm. Based on Jaccard’s coefficient analysis, the highest similarity coefficient (0.93) was observed between JCC-6 and JCC-8, while the lowest (0.50) existed between JCC-35 and JCC-6. The observed intraspecific genetic variation may be associated with cultivation and targeted germplasm selection of desirable characters in <i>C. caesia</i>. These findings provide an initial understanding of the available germplasm in central India and can assist in the conservation efforts for this species.</p>

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Molecular Profiling of Black Turmeric (Curcuma caesia Roxb.) Germplasm of Central India Using Microsatellite Markers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月2日

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  • Pramod Kumar,
  • Radheshyam Sharma,
  • Shashank Bhargava,
  • Ashish Kumar,
  • Stuti Sharma,
  • R. Shivram Krishnan,
  • Asheesh Sharma,
  • Anubha Upadhyay

摘要

Curcuma caesia Roxb., generally known as black turmeric, is an underutilized, medicinal plant species from the Zingiberaceae family, characterized by bluish-black rhizomes. This species is primarily found in northeast and central India and holds significant economic value due to its diverse medicinal properties. Presently, black turmeric is classified as a critically endangered species by NMPB, GoI, New Delhi. As a result, there is an urgent need to conserve this rare medicinal plant. Studies on the genetic diversity of C. caesia Roxb. are still in the primitive stage for selecting the superior germplasm. During the present study, 54 black turmeric germplasms were collected from different parts of central India, and genetic diversity was accessed using 110 species-specific SSR primers. Out of these, 97 primers successfully generated screenable alleles and were used for further study. A total of 311 alleles were generated, with an average of 3.20 alleles per primer. Among the 97 primers, 30 produced 100% polymorphism, with an average polymorphism rate of 54.90%. The PIC values ranged from 0 to 0.97, with an average of 0.41 per primer. The maximum PIC value (0.97) was observed for the JHH-31 primer, while all the monomorphic primers had a PIC value of 0. Primer CuAI-18 showed the highest marker index (MI) and effective multiplex ratio (EMR), averaging 19.16 and 24.68 per primer, respectively. The collected germplasm was classified into two genetically distinct clusters, with the major group further divided into five subgroups. The dendrogram illustrated the genetic distance between the germplasm. Based on Jaccard’s coefficient analysis, the highest similarity coefficient (0.93) was observed between JCC-6 and JCC-8, while the lowest (0.50) existed between JCC-35 and JCC-6. The observed intraspecific genetic variation may be associated with cultivation and targeted germplasm selection of desirable characters in C. caesia. These findings provide an initial understanding of the available germplasm in central India and can assist in the conservation efforts for this species.