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Aims <p>This study aimed to evaluate whether intercropping nitrogen-fixing plants with halophytes can increase plant growth through nitrogen (N) transfer and decrease soil salinity and to clarify differences in N transfer pathways (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), root or natural transference) among halophyte types (salt-rejecting, salt-aggregating and salt-secreting plants).</p> Methods <p>Three intercropping systems were established using a N-fixing plant (<i>Sesbania cannabina</i>) and three halophytes (<i>Limonium bicolor, Suaeda salsa</i> and <i>Phragmites australis</i>, which are salt-secreting, salt-aggregating and salt-rejecting plants, respectively). Four root separation treatments including plastic separation (PS, completely separate), no separation (NS, without separation), 20 μm mesh (MS20, AMF can pass), and 0.45 μm mesh (MS45, AMF and plant roots cannot pass) were applied to identify N transfer pathways. The N contribution of <i>S.cannabina</i> to halophytes was quantified using <sup>15</sup>N labeling.</p> Results <p>Compared with PS, intercropping increased total system biomass but reduced biomass of <i>S.cannabina</i>. N transfer rates were highest under NS, followed by MS20 and MS45. Intercropping significantly increased N content in halophytes, but dominant N transfer pathways varied among intercropping systems. N transfer to <i>L.bicolor</i> occurred mainly through direct root contact, transfer to <i>S.salsa</i> was mediated primarily by AMF, and transfer to <i>P.australis</i> was dominated by natural pathways. Soil salinity decreased by 8.8% to 39.4%, with <i>S.salsa</i> and <i>S.cannabina</i> intercropping system having the strongest salinity-reduction effect.</p> Conclusion <p>Intercropping N-fixing plants with halophytes alleviated N limitation, increased ability to reduce salinity, and accelerated salt-alkali soil restoration, with N transfer pathways strongly dependent on halophyte root traits.</p>

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Non-nitrogen-fixing halophytes alleviate nitrogen limitation and decrease soil salinity through nitrogen transfer from nitrogen-fixing plants

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月17日

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  • Zehao Zhang,
  • Tian Li,
  • Yao Zhang,
  • Rui Hu,
  • Jiabao Li,
  • Hongxiang Jin,
  • Ying Fang,
  • Zhaohua Lu,
  • Jingkuan Sun

摘要

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate whether intercropping nitrogen-fixing plants with halophytes can increase plant growth through nitrogen (N) transfer and decrease soil salinity and to clarify differences in N transfer pathways (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), root or natural transference) among halophyte types (salt-rejecting, salt-aggregating and salt-secreting plants).

Methods

Three intercropping systems were established using a N-fixing plant (Sesbania cannabina) and three halophytes (Limonium bicolor, Suaeda salsa and Phragmites australis, which are salt-secreting, salt-aggregating and salt-rejecting plants, respectively). Four root separation treatments including plastic separation (PS, completely separate), no separation (NS, without separation), 20 μm mesh (MS20, AMF can pass), and 0.45 μm mesh (MS45, AMF and plant roots cannot pass) were applied to identify N transfer pathways. The N contribution of S.cannabina to halophytes was quantified using 15N labeling.

Results

Compared with PS, intercropping increased total system biomass but reduced biomass of S.cannabina. N transfer rates were highest under NS, followed by MS20 and MS45. Intercropping significantly increased N content in halophytes, but dominant N transfer pathways varied among intercropping systems. N transfer to L.bicolor occurred mainly through direct root contact, transfer to S.salsa was mediated primarily by AMF, and transfer to P.australis was dominated by natural pathways. Soil salinity decreased by 8.8% to 39.4%, with S.salsa and S.cannabina intercropping system having the strongest salinity-reduction effect.

Conclusion

Intercropping N-fixing plants with halophytes alleviated N limitation, increased ability to reduce salinity, and accelerated salt-alkali soil restoration, with N transfer pathways strongly dependent on halophyte root traits.