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Aims <p>Cadmium (Cd) contamination constrains the safe production and phytochemical quality of <i>Ligusticum chuanxiong</i> Hort. This study investigated how rhizosphere pH and Cd speciation jointly affect Cd accumulation and phytochemical traits in <i>L. chuanxiong</i> grown in contrasting native soils.</p> Methods <p>Four representative native soils differing in pH and Cd speciation were used in parallel field and pot experiments. Rhizosphere and bulk soil pH, total Cd, and Cd fractions were determined after cultivation. Cd concentrations, bioconcentration factors, translocation factors, Cd accumulation, and key phytochemical traits, including ferulic acid, were measured in <i>L. chuanxiong</i>.</p> Results <p>Rhizome&#xa0;Cd accumulation was more closely associated with soil acidity and labile Cd fractions&#xa0;than with total soil Cd alone. In strongly acidic soil, rhizome Cd concentrations were 1.44–2.19 times higher than those in weakly acidic to alkaline soils. Soils with high exchangeable Cd proportions (&gt; 60%) resulted in 1.91–2.66 times higher rhizome Cd concentrations than soils with lower exchangeable fractions (&lt; 20%). Ferulic acid showed a hormesis-like response to labile Cd fractions: low-to-moderate water-soluble Cd (F1) was associated with increased ferulic acid accumulation, whereas high exchangeable Cd (F2) was associated with reduced ferulic acid content. Although&#xa0;<i>L. chuanxiong</i> showed moderate Cd accumulation capacity, its low unit-area Cd removal indicated limited phytoextraction potential.</p> Conclusions <p>Rhizosphere pH and Cd speciation, rather than total soil Cd alone, better explained Cd risk and phytochemical variation in <i>L. chuanxiong</i>. Maintaining neutral to slightly alkaline soil conditions and reducing labile Cd fractions may help reduce Cd risk and support safe cultivation of <i>L. chuanxiong</i> in Cd-affected soils.</p>

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Interactive effects of rhizosphere soil pH and Cd speciation on Cd accumulation and phytochemical traits in Chuanxiong

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Chen Yunzi,
  • Zhang Delin,
  • Fan Heling,
  • Yin Lili,
  • Wang Haohan,
  • Li Min

摘要

Aims

Cadmium (Cd) contamination constrains the safe production and phytochemical quality of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. This study investigated how rhizosphere pH and Cd speciation jointly affect Cd accumulation and phytochemical traits in L. chuanxiong grown in contrasting native soils.

Methods

Four representative native soils differing in pH and Cd speciation were used in parallel field and pot experiments. Rhizosphere and bulk soil pH, total Cd, and Cd fractions were determined after cultivation. Cd concentrations, bioconcentration factors, translocation factors, Cd accumulation, and key phytochemical traits, including ferulic acid, were measured in L. chuanxiong.

Results

Rhizome Cd accumulation was more closely associated with soil acidity and labile Cd fractions than with total soil Cd alone. In strongly acidic soil, rhizome Cd concentrations were 1.44–2.19 times higher than those in weakly acidic to alkaline soils. Soils with high exchangeable Cd proportions (> 60%) resulted in 1.91–2.66 times higher rhizome Cd concentrations than soils with lower exchangeable fractions (< 20%). Ferulic acid showed a hormesis-like response to labile Cd fractions: low-to-moderate water-soluble Cd (F1) was associated with increased ferulic acid accumulation, whereas high exchangeable Cd (F2) was associated with reduced ferulic acid content. Although L. chuanxiong showed moderate Cd accumulation capacity, its low unit-area Cd removal indicated limited phytoextraction potential.

Conclusions

Rhizosphere pH and Cd speciation, rather than total soil Cd alone, better explained Cd risk and phytochemical variation in L. chuanxiong. Maintaining neutral to slightly alkaline soil conditions and reducing labile Cd fractions may help reduce Cd risk and support safe cultivation of L. chuanxiong in Cd-affected soils.