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Aims <p>To improve winter wheat nitrogen (N) management, we investigated whether genotypes differing in grain protein concentration (GPC) also differ in the N status required for yield formation.</p> Methods <p>We tested whether the Nitrogen Nutrition Index (NNI) and yield formation relationship varies among four winter wheat genotypes with contrasting GPC levels (Iba [low], Gallagher [Gal, mid], Doublestop CL+ [Dob, high], and Green Hammer [Grn, high]) under dryland conditions across eight Oklahoma site-years (2020 to 2023). Aboveground biomass and N concentration were measured at jointing, anthesis, and maturity, and NNI was calculated using published dilution curve.</p> Results <p>Adequate N status (NNI ≥ 1.0) occurred in 77% of observations under 120 kg N ha⁻¹ vs. 24% under zero N. High-protein genotypes more frequently maintained adequate N status than Iba. Iba reached maximum yield at the lowest critical threshold (0.70), while Dob required the highest (0.77), reflecting greater N-use efficiency in Iba and higher yield potential in Dob (maximum relative yield: 0.83 vs. 0.76). Yield components differed in N status to reach a plateau with spike weight saturated earliest (0.63-0.77), followed by spike number (0.79-0.89), and shoot biomass (0.74-0.94), consistent with their developmental timing and N sensitivity.</p> Conclusions <p>Genotypic rankings and yield component saturation sequences were robust to dilution curve choice. High-protein genotypes exhibited gradual responses across the N gradient and progressively expanded into the high-GPC, yield space at NNI 1.0. Further research should develop and validate a critical N dilution curve specifically for dryland winter wheat.</p>

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Nitrogen nutrition index and yield relationship in wheat genotypes with contrasting grain protein

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Samson Olaniyi Abiola,
  • Ignacio A. Ciampitti,
  • Josefina Lacasa,
  • Brian D. Arnall,
  • Amanda de Oliveira Silva

摘要

Aims

To improve winter wheat nitrogen (N) management, we investigated whether genotypes differing in grain protein concentration (GPC) also differ in the N status required for yield formation.

Methods

We tested whether the Nitrogen Nutrition Index (NNI) and yield formation relationship varies among four winter wheat genotypes with contrasting GPC levels (Iba [low], Gallagher [Gal, mid], Doublestop CL+ [Dob, high], and Green Hammer [Grn, high]) under dryland conditions across eight Oklahoma site-years (2020 to 2023). Aboveground biomass and N concentration were measured at jointing, anthesis, and maturity, and NNI was calculated using published dilution curve.

Results

Adequate N status (NNI ≥ 1.0) occurred in 77% of observations under 120 kg N ha⁻¹ vs. 24% under zero N. High-protein genotypes more frequently maintained adequate N status than Iba. Iba reached maximum yield at the lowest critical threshold (0.70), while Dob required the highest (0.77), reflecting greater N-use efficiency in Iba and higher yield potential in Dob (maximum relative yield: 0.83 vs. 0.76). Yield components differed in N status to reach a plateau with spike weight saturated earliest (0.63-0.77), followed by spike number (0.79-0.89), and shoot biomass (0.74-0.94), consistent with their developmental timing and N sensitivity.

Conclusions

Genotypic rankings and yield component saturation sequences were robust to dilution curve choice. High-protein genotypes exhibited gradual responses across the N gradient and progressively expanded into the high-GPC, yield space at NNI 1.0. Further research should develop and validate a critical N dilution curve specifically for dryland winter wheat.