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Background and aim <p>Lanthanum (La(III)) is an emerging yield-enhancing agent in rice cultivation, but its impact on paddy N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, particularly regarding cultivar-specific responses.</p> Methods <p>A six-month pot experiment with ten rice cultivars under foliar La(III) application was conducted to monitor N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes, and integrated soil–plant analysis coupled with metagenomics was employed to elucidate the governing soil biogeochemical processes.</p> Results <p>The effects of La(III) on grain yield and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions were highly cultivar-dependent. Grain yield increased significantly in five cultivars (HHZ, XZX45, QYSM, SJ18, LLY534) by 12.36% to 53.6%, while it was unaffected or reduced in others. Cumulative N<sub>2</sub>O emissions over the entire growth period increased by 30.24%, 15.18%, and 21.5% in SJ27, NJ9108, and XZX45, respectively, while cumulative emissions for HHZ decreased by 12.48%. Metagenomic analysis revealed that for the high-yield, low-emission cultivar HHZ, La(III) application suppressed the abundances of <i>amoA</i>, <i>amoB</i>, <i>nirS</i>, and <i>nirK</i> genes, thereby weakening nitrification and denitrification during the jointing-booting stage and reducing emissions by 76.75%. Conversely, for the high-yield, high-emission cultivar XZX45, La(III) increased the abundance of <i>Actinomycetota</i>, promoting N<sub>2</sub>O production, while reducing <i>Gemmatimonadota</i> abundance, which impeded complete N<sub>2</sub>O reduction to N<sub>2</sub>, leading to a 38.67% emission increase during the tillering stage.</p> Conclusions <p>La(III) regulates paddy N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in a cultivar-specific manner, mediated by differential responses of rhizosphere nitrogen-cycling microbial communities and functional genes. Tailoring La(III) management based on cultivar traits offers a viable strategy for synergistically enhancing grain yield and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.</p>

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Divergent pathways of nitrous oxide emissions: Rhizosphere microbial processes drive cultivar-specific responses to lanthanum in rice

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月30日

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  • Hongyan Yu,
  • Jinyan Lan,
  • Yaxin Bao,
  • Yanxun Qiu,
  • Lihong Wang,
  • Zuyu An,
  • Yue Teng,
  • Ian Beadham

摘要

Background and aim

Lanthanum (La(III)) is an emerging yield-enhancing agent in rice cultivation, but its impact on paddy N2O emissions and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, particularly regarding cultivar-specific responses.

Methods

A six-month pot experiment with ten rice cultivars under foliar La(III) application was conducted to monitor N2O fluxes, and integrated soil–plant analysis coupled with metagenomics was employed to elucidate the governing soil biogeochemical processes.

Results

The effects of La(III) on grain yield and N2O emissions were highly cultivar-dependent. Grain yield increased significantly in five cultivars (HHZ, XZX45, QYSM, SJ18, LLY534) by 12.36% to 53.6%, while it was unaffected or reduced in others. Cumulative N2O emissions over the entire growth period increased by 30.24%, 15.18%, and 21.5% in SJ27, NJ9108, and XZX45, respectively, while cumulative emissions for HHZ decreased by 12.48%. Metagenomic analysis revealed that for the high-yield, low-emission cultivar HHZ, La(III) application suppressed the abundances of amoA, amoB, nirS, and nirK genes, thereby weakening nitrification and denitrification during the jointing-booting stage and reducing emissions by 76.75%. Conversely, for the high-yield, high-emission cultivar XZX45, La(III) increased the abundance of Actinomycetota, promoting N2O production, while reducing Gemmatimonadota abundance, which impeded complete N2O reduction to N2, leading to a 38.67% emission increase during the tillering stage.

Conclusions

La(III) regulates paddy N2O emissions in a cultivar-specific manner, mediated by differential responses of rhizosphere nitrogen-cycling microbial communities and functional genes. Tailoring La(III) management based on cultivar traits offers a viable strategy for synergistically enhancing grain yield and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.