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Background <p>The photochemical compensation point (PCCP) is a newly proposed concept for describing PSII-level energy-use strategies. It represents the light intensity where photochemical energy use at photosystem II matches induced photoprotective dissipation (i.e.,&#xa0;Φ<sub>PSII</sub> = Φ<sub>NPQ</sub>). However, how PCCP values vary across species, growth stages, and environmental gradients remains unclear.</p> Methods <p>Here, we evaluated the responses of PCCP to long-term fertilization in wheat (C<sub>3</sub>) and maize (C<sub>4</sub>) across different growth stages, aiming to elucidate the trait-mediated mechanisms underlying these variations.</p> Results <p>Maize exhibited a significantly higher mean PCCP than wheat (305 vs. 272&#xa0;μmol&#xa0;m<sup>−2</sup>&#xa0;s<sup>−1</sup>), with direct basal fertilization altering PCCP exclusively in wheat. Moreover, growth-stage responses were highly dependent on fertilization regimes. The relationships between PCCP and leaf traits diverged notably between species: structural traits (leaf thickness, specific leaf weight) and specific minerals (Ca, Fe, S) showed contrasting directional or magnitude shifts, whereas leaf N and P shared conserved scaling slopes but distinct intercepts. Multivariate trait axes (PC1 and PC3), integrating structural, nutritional, and gas-exchange (<i>g</i><sub><i>s</i></sub>) variations, explained 61% of PCCP variance. These axes largely mediated the effects of species identity, fertilization, and ontogeny on PCCP.</p> Conclusion <p>These results indicate that species identity, fertilization, and ontogeny shape PCCP through both direct and trait-mediated pathways, highlighting the pivotal role of leaf functional traits in photosynthetic acclimation.</p>

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Species-specific photochemical compensation points of wheat and maize under long-term fertilization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Xiuping Liu,
  • Xiangyang Sun,
  • Xiaoxin Li,
  • Wenxu Dong,
  • Chunsheng Hu

摘要

Background

The photochemical compensation point (PCCP) is a newly proposed concept for describing PSII-level energy-use strategies. It represents the light intensity where photochemical energy use at photosystem II matches induced photoprotective dissipation (i.e., ΦPSII = ΦNPQ). However, how PCCP values vary across species, growth stages, and environmental gradients remains unclear.

Methods

Here, we evaluated the responses of PCCP to long-term fertilization in wheat (C3) and maize (C4) across different growth stages, aiming to elucidate the trait-mediated mechanisms underlying these variations.

Results

Maize exhibited a significantly higher mean PCCP than wheat (305 vs. 272 μmol m−2 s−1), with direct basal fertilization altering PCCP exclusively in wheat. Moreover, growth-stage responses were highly dependent on fertilization regimes. The relationships between PCCP and leaf traits diverged notably between species: structural traits (leaf thickness, specific leaf weight) and specific minerals (Ca, Fe, S) showed contrasting directional or magnitude shifts, whereas leaf N and P shared conserved scaling slopes but distinct intercepts. Multivariate trait axes (PC1 and PC3), integrating structural, nutritional, and gas-exchange (gs) variations, explained 61% of PCCP variance. These axes largely mediated the effects of species identity, fertilization, and ontogeny on PCCP.

Conclusion

These results indicate that species identity, fertilization, and ontogeny shape PCCP through both direct and trait-mediated pathways, highlighting the pivotal role of leaf functional traits in photosynthetic acclimation.