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Background and aims <p>Coastal saline soils require effective amelioration strategies to support sustainable agriculture. Biochar derived from&#xa0;straw is considered an eco-friendly and cost-effective soil amendment. Previous studies have demonstrated that&#xa0;iron-modified biochar and humic acid can promote plant growth; however, their synergistic effects in saline&#xa0;environments remain unclear. This study aims to develop a novel humic acid-loaded magnetic biochar and evaluate&#xa0;its effectiveness in improving coastal saline soil and promoting rice growth.</p> Methods <p>Straw-derived biochar was modified with iron to produce iron-containing biochar (FC), followed by oxidation to obtain&#xa0;magnetic biochar (FO). Subsequently, activated humic acid was loaded onto FO to synthesize humic acid magnetic&#xa0;biochar (HAFO). The physicochemical properties of the materials were characterized, and a pot experiment was&#xa0;conducted to assess their effects on soil properties and rice growth.</p> Results <p>Pyrolysis and oxidation successfully loaded nano-Fe₃O₄ onto biochar and reduced particle size to the submicron level.&#xa0;The incorporation of humic acid further enhanced the functionality of iron-modified biochar by increasing surface&#xa0;oxygen-containing functional groups and nutrient availability. Soil organic matter content, cation exchange capacity,&#xa0;salinity, and nutrient levels significantly influenced rice growth (p&#xa0;0.05). Biochar application alleviated salt stress by&#xa0;improving soil properties, thereby promoting rice growth and development.</p> Conclusion <p>The performance of biochar in improving coastal saline soil and enhancing rice growth is largely dependent on its&#xa0;intrinsic properties. The HAFO developed in this study is an economical and efficient soil amendment with significant&#xa0;potential for improving saline soils and contributing to global food security.</p>

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Straw carbonization and returned to the field: mechanism of iron-modified biochar on soil improvement and rice growth response in coastal saline soil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月5日

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  • Zongnan Li,
  • Jingyun Li,
  • Binlian Ouyang,
  • Xin Tang,
  • Bo Shen,
  • Zhichao Xiang,
  • Aibin He,
  • Wenbang Tang,
  • Wei Luo,
  • Zhi Zhou

摘要

Background and aims

Coastal saline soils require effective amelioration strategies to support sustainable agriculture. Biochar derived from straw is considered an eco-friendly and cost-effective soil amendment. Previous studies have demonstrated that iron-modified biochar and humic acid can promote plant growth; however, their synergistic effects in saline environments remain unclear. This study aims to develop a novel humic acid-loaded magnetic biochar and evaluate its effectiveness in improving coastal saline soil and promoting rice growth.

Methods

Straw-derived biochar was modified with iron to produce iron-containing biochar (FC), followed by oxidation to obtain magnetic biochar (FO). Subsequently, activated humic acid was loaded onto FO to synthesize humic acid magnetic biochar (HAFO). The physicochemical properties of the materials were characterized, and a pot experiment was conducted to assess their effects on soil properties and rice growth.

Results

Pyrolysis and oxidation successfully loaded nano-Fe₃O₄ onto biochar and reduced particle size to the submicron level. The incorporation of humic acid further enhanced the functionality of iron-modified biochar by increasing surface oxygen-containing functional groups and nutrient availability. Soil organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, salinity, and nutrient levels significantly influenced rice growth (p 0.05). Biochar application alleviated salt stress by improving soil properties, thereby promoting rice growth and development.

Conclusion

The performance of biochar in improving coastal saline soil and enhancing rice growth is largely dependent on its intrinsic properties. The HAFO developed in this study is an economical and efficient soil amendment with significant potential for improving saline soils and contributing to global food security.