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Background and Aims <p>Excessive use of mineral fertilizers contributes to soil degradation, nutrient losses, and greenhouse gas emissions. Biological strategies that mobilize native soil nutrient pools may help reduce fertilizer inputs without compromising crop productivity. This study evaluated a defined, cell-free biofertilizer composed of siderophores and siderophore-associated metabolites (SSAM) of microbial origin as a tool to enhance soil nutrient bioavailability and reduce phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization in radish cultivation.</p> Methods <p>A greenhouse experiment was conducted using <i>Raphanus sativus</i> L. grown under optimal and 50% reduced P and K fertilization, with or without SSAM supplementation. Soil bioavailability of Fe, P, and K, nutrient concentrations in soil pore water, microbial enzymatic activity, microbiome structure, plant growth dynamics, biomass production, physiological traits, and tissue nutrient accumulation were assessed. Additional assays using purified pyoverdine were performed to evaluate siderophore-mediated nutrient mobilization.</p> Results <p>SSAM application increased soil bioavailability of Fe by ~ 37% and of P and K by ~ 20–25% compared with mineral fertilization alone. These effects translated into strong biomass gains, particularly in belowground organs, reaching ~ 190% under optimal fertilization and ~ 148% under reduced P and K input. Enhanced nutrient accumulation occurred without adverse effects on plant physiological performance or soil microbiome structure, while soil dehydrogenase activity was stimulated.</p> Conclusion <p>SSAM enhanced the mobilization of native soil nutrients and maintained or improved crop productivity under reduced mineral fertilization in the tested conditions. Its defined, cell-free composition supports scalable production and highlights its potential as a practical component of sustainable fertilization strategies.</p>

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Soil biostimulation with bacterial siderophores and their accompanying metabolites as a strategy to reduce mineral fertilization in the cultivation of Raphanus sativus L

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月28日

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  • Musiałowski Marcin,
  • Kowalewska Łucja,
  • Bykowski Michał,
  • Wójtowicz Joanna,
  • Kozioł-Lipińska Joanna,
  • Suchodolska Inga,
  • Bieńko Zuzanna,
  • Mierzwa-Hersztek Monika,
  • Gondek Krzysztof,
  • Dębiec-Andrzejewska Klaudia

摘要

Background and Aims

Excessive use of mineral fertilizers contributes to soil degradation, nutrient losses, and greenhouse gas emissions. Biological strategies that mobilize native soil nutrient pools may help reduce fertilizer inputs without compromising crop productivity. This study evaluated a defined, cell-free biofertilizer composed of siderophores and siderophore-associated metabolites (SSAM) of microbial origin as a tool to enhance soil nutrient bioavailability and reduce phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization in radish cultivation.

Methods

A greenhouse experiment was conducted using Raphanus sativus L. grown under optimal and 50% reduced P and K fertilization, with or without SSAM supplementation. Soil bioavailability of Fe, P, and K, nutrient concentrations in soil pore water, microbial enzymatic activity, microbiome structure, plant growth dynamics, biomass production, physiological traits, and tissue nutrient accumulation were assessed. Additional assays using purified pyoverdine were performed to evaluate siderophore-mediated nutrient mobilization.

Results

SSAM application increased soil bioavailability of Fe by ~ 37% and of P and K by ~ 20–25% compared with mineral fertilization alone. These effects translated into strong biomass gains, particularly in belowground organs, reaching ~ 190% under optimal fertilization and ~ 148% under reduced P and K input. Enhanced nutrient accumulation occurred without adverse effects on plant physiological performance or soil microbiome structure, while soil dehydrogenase activity was stimulated.

Conclusion

SSAM enhanced the mobilization of native soil nutrients and maintained or improved crop productivity under reduced mineral fertilization in the tested conditions. Its defined, cell-free composition supports scalable production and highlights its potential as a practical component of sustainable fertilization strategies.