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Background and aim <p>Phosphorus (P) is essential for plant physiology; however, in subtropical regions planted with <i>Pinus massoniana</i> (masson pine) and <i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i> (Chinese fir), high levels of aluminum and iron lead to significant P limitation, which hinders the sustainability of these conifer plantations. Conversely, introducing broadleaf tree species through near-natural transformations by creating mixed-species stands with various age layers could enhance soil nutrient availability.</p> Methods <p>We investigated how the tree combinations with different mycorrhizal associations (e.g., AM (arbuscular mycorrhiza)-AM, ECM (ectomycorrhiza)-ECM, AM-ECM combinations) affected soil bioavailable P fractions. Soil samples were collected from both organic and mineral horizons in the midpoint between targeted trees of the plantations. The bioavailable P fractions, fungal community composition, and soil enzymatic activities were analyzed using high-throughput techniques and multivariate statistical analyses.</p> Results <p>Introduction of broadleaf trees increased P mobilization, particularly citric-P (28-84%) and enzyme-P (10-27%) compared to monoculture systems. The synergy between heterogeneous mycorrizal tree combinations (i.e., AM-ECM) further optimized soil P fraction compostion and increased P availability compared to monocultures. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that generalist mycorrhizal fungi, including AM fungi (e.g., <i>Glomus</i>) and ECM fungi (e.g., <i>Russula</i> and <i>Lactarius</i>), play a central role in shaping soil microbial interactions and nutrient turnover. These fungi may shape soil microbial interaction patterns and indirectly affect nutrient turnover: specific ECM/AM fungi strongly shape ACP activity and link <i>Glomus</i> OTUs to citric-P and enzyme-P, with AMF predominating citric-P correlations.</p> Conclusion <p>Introducing diverse tree species with mixed mycorrhizal associations enhances fungal-mediated P cycling and increases bioavailable P in acidic, P-deficient soils, an effect likely as a result of mycorrhizal type diversity. This finding highlights the importance of mycorrhizal diversity for sustainable nutrient management in subtropical plantations.</p>

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Modification of soil bioavailable phosphorus by mycorrhizal fungal communities in different tree species combinations under near-naturalized transformation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月23日

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  • Meirong Yan,
  • Chen Ning,
  • Ting Liu,
  • Dandan Gao,
  • Zhanpeng Ye,
  • Jiyang Xiao,
  • Wenyan Cai,
  • Asma Farooq,
  • Wende Yan

摘要

Background and aim

Phosphorus (P) is essential for plant physiology; however, in subtropical regions planted with Pinus massoniana (masson pine) and Cunninghamia lanceolata (Chinese fir), high levels of aluminum and iron lead to significant P limitation, which hinders the sustainability of these conifer plantations. Conversely, introducing broadleaf tree species through near-natural transformations by creating mixed-species stands with various age layers could enhance soil nutrient availability.

Methods

We investigated how the tree combinations with different mycorrhizal associations (e.g., AM (arbuscular mycorrhiza)-AM, ECM (ectomycorrhiza)-ECM, AM-ECM combinations) affected soil bioavailable P fractions. Soil samples were collected from both organic and mineral horizons in the midpoint between targeted trees of the plantations. The bioavailable P fractions, fungal community composition, and soil enzymatic activities were analyzed using high-throughput techniques and multivariate statistical analyses.

Results

Introduction of broadleaf trees increased P mobilization, particularly citric-P (28-84%) and enzyme-P (10-27%) compared to monoculture systems. The synergy between heterogeneous mycorrizal tree combinations (i.e., AM-ECM) further optimized soil P fraction compostion and increased P availability compared to monocultures. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that generalist mycorrhizal fungi, including AM fungi (e.g., Glomus) and ECM fungi (e.g., Russula and Lactarius), play a central role in shaping soil microbial interactions and nutrient turnover. These fungi may shape soil microbial interaction patterns and indirectly affect nutrient turnover: specific ECM/AM fungi strongly shape ACP activity and link Glomus OTUs to citric-P and enzyme-P, with AMF predominating citric-P correlations.

Conclusion

Introducing diverse tree species with mixed mycorrhizal associations enhances fungal-mediated P cycling and increases bioavailable P in acidic, P-deficient soils, an effect likely as a result of mycorrhizal type diversity. This finding highlights the importance of mycorrhizal diversity for sustainable nutrient management in subtropical plantations.