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Background and aims <p>Phenolic acids (PAs) are allelochemicals of rice under stress of heavy metals, gaining attention due to protecting function on organic carbon (OC). Illustrating the regulation role of PAs on biodegradation of OC in paddy soil is essential to mitigate C loss.</p> Methods <p>This study selected Kaiyuan laterite (KL) and Zhalong chernozem (ZC) paddy soils, and the responses of PAs contents in rice and soil DOM to stress of cadmium (Cd), the effects of rice-derived PAs to anaerobic degradation of labile OC (<sup>13</sup>C-glucose) and rhizopheric microbial community were determined.</p> Results <p>Cd (10&#xa0;μg&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>) significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) increased total PAs contents in rice plant (KL: 75.3%; ZC: 21.8%) and soil DOM (KL: 81.7%; ZC: 122.9%). Addition of major PAs (p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and vanillic acid) with 100&#xa0;μg&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup> significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) inhibited anaerobic degradation of glucose in KL with decreased CO<sub>2</sub> production (20.3%-46.1%) and ratio of (glucaric acid + formic acid)/arabinose, while show insignificant effect in ZC soil. Vanillic acid and ferulic acid reduced anaerobic strains including denitrifying bacteria (<i>RBG-13–54-9</i>, <i>Bryobacter</i>), iron-reducing bacteria (<i>Subgroup_7</i>, <i>Subgroup_18</i>), and sulfate-reduing bacteria (<i>NB1-j</i>, <i>BSV13</i>) in both soils, while recruited acidophilic bacteria with stronger effect in ZC. The effect of PAs on OC degradation and microbial community were closely correlated to with the redox potential and pH of PAs and soils.</p> Conclusion <p>The study reveal that Cd enhanced PAs secretion changed rhizospheric bacterial community involved in OC degradation, retarded OC oxidation with antioxidativity and acidity, and inhibit anaerobic degradation of OC in paddy soil.</p>

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Rice-derived phenolic acids retard anaerobic biodegradation of organic carbon through inhibiting anaerobic strains and recruiting acidophilic bacteria in typical laterite and chernozem paddy soils under cadmium stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月24日

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  • Shurun Yao,
  • Chuanlong Huang,
  • Mengqi Hao,
  • Lirong Wang,
  • Zhuo Wei

摘要

Background and aims

Phenolic acids (PAs) are allelochemicals of rice under stress of heavy metals, gaining attention due to protecting function on organic carbon (OC). Illustrating the regulation role of PAs on biodegradation of OC in paddy soil is essential to mitigate C loss.

Methods

This study selected Kaiyuan laterite (KL) and Zhalong chernozem (ZC) paddy soils, and the responses of PAs contents in rice and soil DOM to stress of cadmium (Cd), the effects of rice-derived PAs to anaerobic degradation of labile OC (13C-glucose) and rhizopheric microbial community were determined.

Results

Cd (10 μg g−1) significantly (p < 0.05) increased total PAs contents in rice plant (KL: 75.3%; ZC: 21.8%) and soil DOM (KL: 81.7%; ZC: 122.9%). Addition of major PAs (p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and vanillic acid) with 100 μg g−1 significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited anaerobic degradation of glucose in KL with decreased CO2 production (20.3%-46.1%) and ratio of (glucaric acid + formic acid)/arabinose, while show insignificant effect in ZC soil. Vanillic acid and ferulic acid reduced anaerobic strains including denitrifying bacteria (RBG-13–54-9, Bryobacter), iron-reducing bacteria (Subgroup_7, Subgroup_18), and sulfate-reduing bacteria (NB1-j, BSV13) in both soils, while recruited acidophilic bacteria with stronger effect in ZC. The effect of PAs on OC degradation and microbial community were closely correlated to with the redox potential and pH of PAs and soils.

Conclusion

The study reveal that Cd enhanced PAs secretion changed rhizospheric bacterial community involved in OC degradation, retarded OC oxidation with antioxidativity and acidity, and inhibit anaerobic degradation of OC in paddy soil.