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Background and Aims <p>Agrophotovoltaic (APV) systems present a synergistic approach to land use, yet their belowground impacts overwintering on crop growth remain poorly understood.</p> Methods <p>We conducted a field experiment to investigate how APV systems promote the growth of overwintering oilseed rape (<i>Brassica napus L.</i>) through phased plant-soil-microbe interactions.</p> Results <p>We demonstrate that APV altered the soil microenvironment by increasing temperature and moisture, thereby inducing a stage-specific shift in root strategies. Specifically, during the seedling stage, elevated soil temperature and moisture drove the oilseed rape to enhance root organic acid secretion and stele diameter, thereby accelerating soil nutrient activation and uptake efficiency. This process ensured the accumulation of sufficient nutrients for post-overwintering aerial reconstruction. Conversely, during the blooming stage, the plants shifted strategy, reducing organic acid secretion while increasing root tissue density to sustain long-term nutrient absorption. Concurrently, APV increased soil microbial extracellular enzyme activity and the abundance of R-strategy microorganisms during the seedling stage, promoting the accumulation of key nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, which established a strong soil nutrient base for subsequent growth. Furthermore, APV supported the later growth by promoting K-strategy microorganisms and the nitrifying genus MND1 during the blooming period, which led to a sustained increase in soil nitrate nitrogen content and plant biomass accumulation.</p> Conclusion <p>Our results suggest that microenvironmental changes under APV promote the growth of overwintering oilseed rape, thereby offering a new approach to optimize APV–crop patterns and increase land use efficiency in cold regions in winter.</p>

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Agrophotovoltaic systems promote winter oilseed rape growth by orchestrating phased root-microbe interactions to enrich soil nutrient content

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月12日

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  • Tong Wang,
  • Jirui Gong,
  • Guisen Yang,
  • Ruijing Wang,
  • Shangpeng Zhang,
  • Yaohong Yu,
  • Qin Xie

摘要

Background and Aims

Agrophotovoltaic (APV) systems present a synergistic approach to land use, yet their belowground impacts overwintering on crop growth remain poorly understood.

Methods

We conducted a field experiment to investigate how APV systems promote the growth of overwintering oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) through phased plant-soil-microbe interactions.

Results

We demonstrate that APV altered the soil microenvironment by increasing temperature and moisture, thereby inducing a stage-specific shift in root strategies. Specifically, during the seedling stage, elevated soil temperature and moisture drove the oilseed rape to enhance root organic acid secretion and stele diameter, thereby accelerating soil nutrient activation and uptake efficiency. This process ensured the accumulation of sufficient nutrients for post-overwintering aerial reconstruction. Conversely, during the blooming stage, the plants shifted strategy, reducing organic acid secretion while increasing root tissue density to sustain long-term nutrient absorption. Concurrently, APV increased soil microbial extracellular enzyme activity and the abundance of R-strategy microorganisms during the seedling stage, promoting the accumulation of key nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, which established a strong soil nutrient base for subsequent growth. Furthermore, APV supported the later growth by promoting K-strategy microorganisms and the nitrifying genus MND1 during the blooming period, which led to a sustained increase in soil nitrate nitrogen content and plant biomass accumulation.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that microenvironmental changes under APV promote the growth of overwintering oilseed rape, thereby offering a new approach to optimize APV–crop patterns and increase land use efficiency in cold regions in winter.