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Background &amp; Aims <p>Potato common scab (PCS) is caused by pathogenic <i>Streptomyces</i> species, which are characterized by the production of thaxtomin phytotoxins via <i>txt</i> cluster. Understanding the global distribution of PCS pathogens and the evolution of their pathogenicity is crucial for disease monitoring and management.</p> Methods <p>We combined culture-independent and -dependent approaches to detect PCS-associated <i>Streptomyces</i>. Pathogens were identified via <i>txt</i> gene screening, thaxtomin detection, and pathogenicity assays, then classified using multilocus phylogenetic analysis and species-specific PCR. Phylogenomic and comparative genomic analyses elucidated pathogenicity evolution.</p> Results <p>Our meta-analysis identified 32 PCS-causing <i>Streptomyces</i> species globally, including 15 in China. From Chinese samples, five species were detected by culture-independent method and at least 70 by isolation, with <i>Streptomyces bobili</i> recovered by both. We confirmed 12 pathogenic isolates across five species from six provinces, reporting the first national record for <i>Streptomyces griseiscabiei</i>, the first provincial records for <i>S. bobili</i>, <i>Streptomyces europaeiscabiei</i>, and <i>Streptomyces turgidiscabies</i>, and the first pathogenic <i>S. bobili</i> genome. Genomic analysis identified <i>txt</i> clusters in 60 of 4,594 <i>Streptomyces</i> genomes, revealing predominant horizontal transfer and occasional vertical inheritance. Notably, a 5-isoprenylindole-3-carboxylate β-D-glycosyl ester-like (PI3CGE-like) cluster co-occurred exclusively with the thaxtomin A cluster but never with the thaxtomin C cluster, suggesting a functional linkage.</p> Conclusion <p>This study provides an overview of PCS-causing <i>Streptomyces</i> and their genomic diversity, revealing patterns in the evolution of pathogenicity. Our findings establish a baseline for monitoring pathogens and understanding their virulence, thereby informing disease prediction and the development of targeted management strategies.</p>

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Diversity of Streptomyces species associated with potato common scab and genomic insights into their pathogenicity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月14日

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  • Mohsin Ali,
  • Minghao Liu,
  • Ning Liu,
  • Limin Zhang,
  • Jing Huang,
  • Naiqin Zhong,
  • Pan Zhao,
  • Ying Huang

摘要

Background & Aims

Potato common scab (PCS) is caused by pathogenic Streptomyces species, which are characterized by the production of thaxtomin phytotoxins via txt cluster. Understanding the global distribution of PCS pathogens and the evolution of their pathogenicity is crucial for disease monitoring and management.

Methods

We combined culture-independent and -dependent approaches to detect PCS-associated Streptomyces. Pathogens were identified via txt gene screening, thaxtomin detection, and pathogenicity assays, then classified using multilocus phylogenetic analysis and species-specific PCR. Phylogenomic and comparative genomic analyses elucidated pathogenicity evolution.

Results

Our meta-analysis identified 32 PCS-causing Streptomyces species globally, including 15 in China. From Chinese samples, five species were detected by culture-independent method and at least 70 by isolation, with Streptomyces bobili recovered by both. We confirmed 12 pathogenic isolates across five species from six provinces, reporting the first national record for Streptomyces griseiscabiei, the first provincial records for S. bobili, Streptomyces europaeiscabiei, and Streptomyces turgidiscabies, and the first pathogenic S. bobili genome. Genomic analysis identified txt clusters in 60 of 4,594 Streptomyces genomes, revealing predominant horizontal transfer and occasional vertical inheritance. Notably, a 5-isoprenylindole-3-carboxylate β-D-glycosyl ester-like (PI3CGE-like) cluster co-occurred exclusively with the thaxtomin A cluster but never with the thaxtomin C cluster, suggesting a functional linkage.

Conclusion

This study provides an overview of PCS-causing Streptomyces and their genomic diversity, revealing patterns in the evolution of pathogenicity. Our findings establish a baseline for monitoring pathogens and understanding their virulence, thereby informing disease prediction and the development of targeted management strategies.